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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 231
5th International Conference on Community Development (AMCA 2018)
The Big Five Personalities as Antecedents of
Nurse Performance
Ugung Dwi Ario Wibowo Edwin Setyo Andriyanto
Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
ugungs@yahoo.com edwin.andriyanto93@gmail.com
Abstract. This study was aimed at knowing the effect that the hospital would improve the quality of service and
of personality based on dimensions of the big five performance of the nurses. According to this case, it is
personality modelof the nurse performance. This proven that the performance of nurses still needs many
included dimensions such as openness to experience, improvements, ranging from priority handling, to the
conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and attitudes of the nurses when giving nursing care. The
neuroticism. The study was a quantitative study using case became a bad precedent for the hospital as this
a regression multiple analysis. There were two hospital belongs to the provincial government, especially
questionnaires, namely modified big five personality the report cards for the nurse performance.
model questionnaire and performance questionnaire. Nurses dominate the number of health workers in the
There were 103 nurses as the respondents collected a hospital so that it plays an important role because the
through purposive sampling technique. The result nurses servethe patientsfor 24 hours serving [4]. The
showed that the performance of the big five model nurse performance gives a contribution of approximately
affected the performance of nurses. Also, there were 40-60% of hospital services. The nursing service reflects
four dimensions in the big five models having the the performance of a hospital because the patient will
significant effect to the nurse performance. Only often be in direct contact with the nurses.
agreeableness did not affect significantly to the nurse In order for the quality of nursing services and nurse
performance. performance to meet the expectation, the human
resources of the nurse should have productivity,
Keywords: personality, big five model, performance innovation, special skills, adequate quality and
satisfactory service. Besides, nurses also need to know
INTRODUCTION the psychological factors that exist in employees such as
attitude problems, personality and employee motivation.
A hospital is one of the institutions engaged in health In the organization, personality is an important thing that
care providers. The hospital plays an important role in affects the work behavior. According to [5] personality is
the health system, because the hospital provides complex defined as a composite of all the ways in which an
curative services, emergency services, serves as a referral individual reacts and interacts with others, or is
center, and center for knowledge-technology transfer. sometimes defined as an internal organization of the
Today the success services of a hospital is largely psychological processes and trends of one's
determined by the knowledge, skills, creativity and behavior.Personality can push towards the desired
motivation of the medical employees and nurses [1]. behavior of nurses. As it is stated through attitudes and
Nursing care in hospitals views nursing as a has an important meaning in the organizational behavior,
humanistic service or professional care that use a holistic employees or nurses in the hospital who has positivity
approach, the services provided must be able to meet the intheir work tend to produce better performance than
needs of patients as a whole that is nurses who are neutral or even have a negative attitude to
biopsychosociocultural and spiritual aspects are done his work.
based on the science and tips of nursing and refer to the The big five model is a simple personality theory and
professional standards of nursing, as well as using often used to measure a person's personality. There are
nursing ethics as the main demands [2]. several personality factors in the big five model, which
In fact, there are some obstacles that may affect the are used to characterize the personality, i.e. extraversion,
fulfillment of nursing care standards and may also affect emotional stability or neuroticism, agreeableness,
the performance of the nurse him/herself. [3] It is conscientiousness, and openness to experience [6].
reported the case of hospital patient Purwokerto named According to Robbins [7] in addition to providing a
Sutinah aged 34 years old and her baby which was single personality framework, research on the big five
reportedly died under the suspicion of nurse mistreatment model has also found an important relationship between
when giving nursing care in the post-birth care and personality and performance dimensions at work.
slowness in handling the patient. The hospital, through Another study conducted by [8] found that big five
the head of the public relation department, acknowledged personality has a significant effect on nurse performance.
that there was frequent inappropriate communication Nurses in completing their duties are required to work
amongthe family, the patient, and the nurses, he stated together in a team and have the proper discipline so that
Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 300
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 231
the employee’s personality affects their performance,
both individually and in a team. In another research RESULT
conducted by [9] there is an effectof the big five
dimension to performance, but from the five big five Multiple regression analysis is used to find out the
dimension there are only two dimensions that effect the effect of some independent variables on dependent
performance of civil servants, that is conscientiousness variables and can also be used to know personality
and openness to experience. contribution based on the big five model on nurse
Therefore the researcher is interested to know how performance. In the regression, there are three things to
the personality based on dimensions of the big five note [11]. First, the number of R- (R2) to find out the
Square
model effects the performance of the nurses at Hospital percentage (%) of the dependent variable variance
X in Purwokerto. The purpose of this research is to described by the independent variables. Secondly, the
knowthe effect of personality dimensions based on the overall independent variableswhich have a significant
big five model simultaneously and partially towards their effect on the dependent variables. And the third, attention
performance. to the significance of the regression coefficient of each
Nurses independent variable.
The number of R- to find out the dependent
Square
Personality variable variance is explained by the independent
Openness Conscientiousi Extraversion Agreableness Neuroticism variable such as .749; it can be interpreted that the
ousess proportion of variance of the performance variables
described by all dimensions of openness to experience,
conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and
Performance neurotics is 25.1% ; this is influenced by other variables
beyond this study.
Then the researchersperform the F to analyze the
Figure 1. Framework of the research test
effect of all free variables or dimensions in the big five
model. The F results reveal that the value of F (57.835)
METHOD test
> F (2.30) and p (Sig.) has a value of .000 with a
table
This research uses causal research as a study design value of p <.05. Thus it can be interpreted that (Ho) is
because the purpose of this research to prove a causal rejected, which states there is no significant effect of all
relationship between the variables studied [10]. This independent variables on the performance. In other
research is classified as quantitative research that uses words, there is a very significant simultaneouseffect of
statistical procedures or other means of quantification to openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion,
measure the research variables [11]. agreeableness, and neuroticsm onnurse performance.
The independent variables in this research are The last step, which is seen in the regression
personalities, meanwhile, dependent variable in this coefficient of each independent variable from the big five
study is performance. In the process, theresearchers model dimensionscan be viewed from the Table.1.
usethe personalities factors in the big five model:
a
extraversion, emotional stability or neuroticsm, Table 1. Coefficients
agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to Unstandardize Stand.
experience [12]as partially independent variables. The Model d Coefficients Coef. T Sig.
population are 666 nurses of Hospital X, a state hospital B Std. Beta
inPurwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. The research Error
usespurposive sampling method, while the number of (Constant) 31.534 14.36 2.196 .030
samples in this study are 103 respondents. The samples 1
are taken according to these characteristics: (a) nurses Openness .868 .250 .240 3.478 .001
working in Hospital X Purwokertofor at least one year; Conscientiou .593 .226 .230 2.617 .010
and (b) working in inpatient installations.The reason to sness
1
use nurse samples that work in inpatient installation is Extraversion 1.016 .198 .387 5.128 .000
that the number of nurses on the installation is relatively Agreeablene .161 .194 .072 .829 .409
morethan that in other divisions and these nurses have a ss
higher intensity to perform services to the in-patients. Neuroticism -.424 .186 -.130 -2.281 .025
The data collection technique uses the questionnaire. a. Dependent Variable: Performance
Researchers used data retrieval method with a scale, Based on thetable above, it is explained that the regression
which is a design study that asks others express/respond equation is as follows:
about themselves in the range of options [13]. Y (Performance) = 31,534 + 0,868 X1 (openness) + 0,593
To test the hypothesis researchers use multiple X2 (conscientiousness) + 1,016 X3 (extraversion) + 0,161 X4
regression analysis. And, in the process of data (agreeableness) - 0,424 X5 (neuroticism)
calculations,the researchers use the program SPSS for Then it can be observed from the table of regression
Windows Release 22.00 coefficients above, only the regression coefficient of
openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion,
and neurotics are significantast are more than t ,.
values table
301
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 231
Meanwhile the regression coefficient of agreeableness is Thus, this study is also in line with findings in
not significant because in the agreeableness dimension research conducted by [21], which found that the results
obtained t- is .829 < t (1.988), and regression for agreeableness is not an important factor in supporting
value -table
coefficient value is equal to .161 with significance .409 performance, although in jobs that intersect with the
(Sig. > .05). This means that out of the five minor social environment. In contrast, in the findings of
hypotheses, only four are received. Barrick& Mount's it was found that the extraversion
dimension has an impact on performance. So it can be
DISCUSSION illustrated that the personality of agreeableness is
personally polite, gentle and trusting has no impact on
From the results of research and hypothesis testing, it performance instead of the extraversion personality
can be concluded that in the personality based on big five illustrated with personal activeness, including the
model, there is a significant influence on the nurse activeness in speaking, as well as a firm personality that
performance of Hospital X Purwokerto. This research is has an impact on performance.
supported by twostudies, conducted by [14] which states
that there is a significant influence of the big five CONCLUSION
personality to the performance. Moreover, the study by
[15]examines the big five model personality dimensions Based on findings and discussions, the conclusion of
on five different criteria and types of work; the findings this researchisthe big five model personality has
suggest that the dimensions of openness to experience significantly affects the nurse performance. Yet, there
influence learning and training, the conscientiousness areonly four of five dimensions in the big five model that
dimension has an influence on all types of work , the have the significantly effect to thenurse performance.
extraversion dimension is capable of affecting The dimension of agreeableness does not significantly
performance on the job of providing training, the affect the nurse performance.
dimension of agreeableness has an influence on police
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