131x Filetype PPTX File size 2.81 MB Source: faculty.cbu.ca
Lecture outline 1) Nutrition defined 2) Nutrient classes 3) Nutritional status 4) Normal physiological process-ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism and excretion 5) Nutrition across the lifespan-pre-conception, pregnancy, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and seniors 6) Malnutrition and its consequences 7) Risk factors for malnutrition-group and individual risk factors 8) Nutritional assessment 9) Clinical management- pre- and post-onset 10)Interrelationships of nutrition with health and illness concepts 11)Clinical examples 12)Group work-case study 1) Nutrition defined • Nutrition is the science of optimal cellular and extracellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease –while much of metabolism takes place in cells but there is also metabolism outside cells (e.g. in blood plasma) • Good nutrition leads to optimal metabolism- optimal metabolism is key to pre- and post-onset management of disease • Good nutrition includes macronutrients and micronutrients and phytochemicals • Phytochemicals (plant chemicals) variously have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties • However, various changes in the genome activity via nucleotide base sequence change and/or epigenetics can interfere with the impact of good nutrition 2) Nutrient classes Macronutrients (required in gram amounts in the diet) macronutrients are energy yielding (carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins and non-energy yielding (water); alcohol (ethanol) is energy yielding but is not a nutrient Micronutrients (required in milligram or microgram amounts in the diet) micronutrients also include vitamins and minerals-these are non-energy yielding; however they assist in metabolism that produces and uses energy Non–energy yielding nutrients assist in metabolism that yields (via catabolism) and uses energy (via anabolism); water does not yield energy itself but assists in catabolism and anabolism 2) Nutrient classes So how do we get the nutrients WWFQ? Answer- via normal physiological processes of: ingestion (I) which regulates digestion (D) which regulates absorption (A) which regulates transport (T) which regulates metabolism (M) which regulates excretion (E) which regulates ingestion 3) Nutritional status • Optimal nutrition is when one IS getting the nutrients to where (W) they are needed, when (W) they are needed, in the form (F) needed and in quantity (Q) needed in the body for good health • Sub-optimal nutrition (malnourished) is when one is NOT getting the nutrients to where (W) they are needed, when (W) they are needed, in the form (F) needed and in quantity (Q) needed in the body for good health • Malnourished means under- or over-nutrition ( mal = bad)
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