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Chapter 2: New Thinking on Poverty after 1950 2 The Second Poverty Enlightenment, 1960-80 3 The second poverty enlightenment • The period since 1800 that has the strongest claim to have been a second “Poverty Enlightenment” is 1960-80. • Scholarly and popular authors could formulate accessible arguments grounded on a body of theory and data • Data from qualitative observations, sample surveys and much analytic work in measuring living standards and setting poverty lines. • Protests and Civil Rights Movement in US. Left-of-center political/social movements in many countries. Newly independent ex-Colonies looking for rapid escape from poverty. • Political will + analytic expertise => new effort against poverty. 4 Explosion of attention to poverty post-1960 5 The re-discovery of poverty in America • There was a sharp rise in concern over poverty in affluent societies that built up from the 1960s, notably in the US. • In the wake of the civil rights movement (starting around 1955), important social commentaries: J.K. Galbraith’s (1958) The Affluent Society and Michael Harrington’s (1962) The Other America (both best sellers at the time). • Surprising success of Other America; first print-run= 2,500 copies; 1.3 million by 1990. • Political response in the US, including new social programs under the Johnson administration’s War on Poverty . 6
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