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Project news:
Ecosystem December 2020 — Issue #2
The Indonesian Seas Large Marine Ecosystem
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Women play a vital role in small-scale fisheries in Indonesia and Timor-Leste GCP/RAS/289/GF
Summary
FAO and MAF of Timor-Leste strengthen
The FAO- led GEF-LME project “Enabling
Transboundary Cooperation for Sustainable coastal community groups
Management of the Indonesian Seas” (ISLME)
FAO and the ISLME project along with MAF Timor-Leste
brings out this second Newsletter Vol. 2/December
identify the lack of capacity at user level as a gap in
2020. It highlights the main activities during the
Timor-Leste particularly in the fisheries and aquaculture
implementation of ISLME Project, such as the initiative to
sectors. There are very few organizations or agencies
support Timor-Leste to strengthen fishermen and
available to support the specific needs of providing
women’s group to improve their livelihoods and
training such as on fish processing, diversification
income through capacity building program and
of fish products, seaweed production, aquaculture
support to local stakeholders in Indonesia to carry out
management etc. Therefore, capacity building of local
assessment and activity formulation within the FMA,
government officials, local community members,
habitat protection, integrated multitrophic
women’s groups and local NGOs are crucial in
aquaculture (IMTA) and marine and fisheries
addressing their needs on how they can improve skills
surveillance. This edition also covers stories from
and knowledge of diversifying seafood products for “value
ISLME team in building partnership with MMAF and
addition” in order to meet market demands.
MAF, facilitation and socialization of Transboundary
Diagnostic Analysis in both Indonesia and Timor-
Capacity building in gender mainstreaming for
Leste, and participation of GEF/FAO ISLME project
alternative livelihoods was undertaken in three pilot
team in the World Food Day 2020. Also included is the
sites targeting thirty government officers and sixty
project activity to map out priorities after EAFM
representatives of women's groups, private sector and
assessments of project specific fisheries targets for
NGOs. The baseline data provided by the office of the
2021 workplan, organized by MMAF and attended by
Director General of Fisheries showed that there are very
partners of GEF/FAO ISLME project in the selected areas.
few activities with regards to fish processing, which are
mainly for dry fish and salted fish.
There is very little activity on additional Since ISLME project is implemented in Batugade,
processing, which involves using some equipment. Beacou and Metinaro, the training also focused in
These value-added products will support to extend these areas. The activities were conducted for two
the life of seafood, which is now more for household days in each area, namely from 18-19 June 2020 in
consumption than selling due to the small size of Batugade villagea, 22 to 23 June 2020 in Beacou
production (below 100 kg). This training was village, and 25 to 26 June 2020 in Metinaro. Total
organized to introduce seafood processing by using beneficiaries who attended each of the training were 20
small appropriate equipment, which eventually will including men and women who were truly
not only support better household consumption but interested in developing diversification in processing
also foreseen to be more acceptable to the local seafood of good quality with good protein value to be
markets and restaurants in the future. consumed locally and made available to the market.
Fortunately for Timor- Leste, the COVID 19 pandemic was
The objectives of the training on seafood processing
much under control at that point of time and hence
were to enhance technical knowledge for interested
physical trainings were possible.
women’s group and fisher groups, provide good and
healthy food for household as well as make it available to
The w er e 16 females out of 20 participants in
the market, diversification of existing seafood
Batugade 17 females out of 20 participants in Beacou
products and developing other products, and to
and 19 females out of 20 participants in Metinaro. The
understand the process of production of fish ball, fish
facilitators were from the Directorate General of
abon (abon ikan) and seaweed products as alternative
Fisheries in Dili supported by the Chief of Department of
drinks and food. This training combined both theory
Fisheries, Bobonaro. “This is the very first time since
and practice.
independence we are receiving such kind of training.
This is a great opportunity and we are excited to
learn because the topics are very interesting.
Most important aspect that we got the skill and
knowledge through this training so that we can use
when we open our new restaurant which was just
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Participants at the post-harvest fisheries training in Timor-Leste. attended by the local leaders such as Administrator of
Administrative Posts, Village leaders, Chief of
The National Department of Post-Harvest Fisheries
department of Fisheries from Dili and Bobonaro. The
under the National Directorate of Fisheries
participants were enthusiastic, and not only
Management had developed a methodology or
participated but also asked questions. The facilitators led
curriculum of delivering post-harvest fisheries training
participants through each step of processing.
including steps of processing until final product, basic
Through this training and with the support from the
sanitation and hygiene, selection of raw materials to be
project, basic equipment were handed over to the
used and basic materials to be used for processing. Fish
women’s groups to be utilized for the follow-up
ball is the seafood product more popular at village level.
activities and training. They can use the material to
People prefer to consume fish ball compared to other
practice what they have learned during the training for
seafood diversified products such as fish nugget and
supporting income generation. Before handing over
others. In addition, any type of species of fish can be used
the equipment, there was an agreement signed by the
to process into fish ball. This training also introduced
head of group, Chief of Village and DGF
production of fish floss (abon ikan).
representative to use the equipment efficiently for
group activities.
Furthermore, seaweed is the product which can be
found in the local market both in wet and dry form.
In the future, they may need more training on other
People tend to consume wet seaweed for daily dietary
product diversification such as fish drying and fish
needs. Nowadays, people tend to consume more
salting, among others, and other ways of using
healthy food especially from the sea such as
seaweed since seaweed products are very
diversified seaweed products, including drinks among
marketable, baesides being nutritious, and people like to
others, which are nutritious. More importantly the
consume seaweed in different products for drinks.
market prospect is very good since this product can be
available all the time and the price of raw material is very
low.
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GEF/FAO ISLME project supports EAFM The results of the assessment were validated through a
series of meetings and Focus Group Discussions (FGD)
assessment for mud crab fisheries in
with various stakeholders. The results of the
Indonesia FMA 713
assessment show that in general, the status of mud
One of the ISLME Project priority programs is to crab fishery management in the Kutai Kartanegara
support ecosystem approach to fisheries regency is categorized as in moderate condition,
management (EAFM) within the ISLME region through
where the habitat and ecosystem, fishing techniques, and
strengthening capacity and resource management
institutional domain indicators are of concern and to be
tools at multiple levels within government, local
improved.
authorities and communities. In Indonesia, EAFM has
been adopted as a basic principle of Indonesian
The domain of fish resources with an aggregate value of
Fisheries Management Plans (Rencana Pengelolaan
the moderate category indicates that the availability of
Perikanan, RPP) at the FMA level. An EAFM
mud crabs from natural stocks is still quite good and
assessment methodology has been endorsed through the
reliable (Table 1). The moderate condition applies as well
regulation of Director General for Capture
Fisheries of MMAF No. 18/KEP-DJPT/2014 on to the social and economic domains related to the
Technical Guidelines for Assessment of Indicators for welfare of the fishing community. The institutional
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management.
domain is in the ‘less’ category. Proper handling of this
institutional domain has the potential to strengthen other
MMAF supported by the GEF/FAO ISLME Project
domains, namely the domain of habitat and
conducted an EAFM Assessment for Mud Crab
ecosystem as well as the domain of fishing technology. It
Fisheries and Proposed Intervention Management
can improve the general status of the condition in the
Actions in Selected Area of FMA 713, in particular
future.
Kutai Kartanegara regency. The assessment was
Table 1. Composite values of the assessment and the
carried out by Learning Center-Ecosystem Approach to
corresponding descriptive condition
Fisheries Management (EAFM) Faculty of Fisheries and Domain Scale Composite Description
Marine University of Lambung Mangkurat, value value
Mud crab 3 48 Moderate
Indonesia. This assessment was generally intended to resources
provide recent status of the mud crab fishery in Kutai Habitat and 2 35 Less
Kartanegara regency based on EAFM indicators ecosystem
Fishing technique 2 30 Less
adopted by MMAF, and recommendation of priority Social 3 46 Moderate
actions to improve mud crab fisheries in the ISLME The economy 3 60 Moderate
pilot sites. Institutional 2 25 Less
EAFM aggregate 3 41 Moderate
(Source: UNLAM EAFM LC, 2020)
The Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan
province is the center for the mud crab production
This assessment proposed a number of management
and a home for a large estuarian region of the Delta
activity interventions. Among others are improving
Mahakam, Indonesia. Current conditions indicate the
stock assessment, developing a modification of locally
tendency for the crab fishery to decrease. In some
wide-used rakkang fishing gear, controlling the
areas the stock and habitat status require
amount of catch and fishing effort, encouraging
improvement. The exploitation of the mud crab
resources by various users needs to be well-managed and business diversification, providing allocations of
that requires reliable and robust data for proper conservation areas, and improving coordination
planning.
among stakeholders.
There are 25 EAFM indicators representing six domains of
FAO and UNHAS assess snapper and
fisheries management, namely fishery resources, habitat,
grouper fisheries in FMA 713, five
fishing technique, social, economic and institutional used
recommendations proposed
in the assessment. The flag modelling technique was
applied using multi-criteria analysis through the
The other EAFM assessment supported by the GEF/FAO
expansion of the composite index. Identification of the
ISLME project intervention was the assessment of
main problems in the mud crab fishery and management
demersal (grouper and snapper) fisheries in Bontang and
gaps to develop recommendations on management
Balikpapan, East Kalimantan Province representing the
activity interventions were carried out using System Soft
condition of demersal fisheries in FMA 713. This
Methodology (SSM) analysis.
assessment also includes formulation of management
recommendations for specific interventions which could
be supported by the ISLME Project and/or other
stakeholders.
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The EAFM assessment took place from December 2019
Recommendations for Improving Management
to April 2020 following the EAFM assessment
The assessment recommends five broad categories of
methodology set out in the MMAF
management improvement intervention, which is briefly
summarized, as follows: The first category is the
The EAFM evaluates six domains of fisheries
development of a collaborative management
management i.e. Fisheries Resources, Habitat and
system. This should increase stakeholder synergy and
Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economy, and
participation in fisheries management, in
Governance, which involves 32 indicators.
particular with respect to the RPP for FMA 713
including the snapper and grouper harvest
Snapper/Groupers Fisheries Management Status
strategies, while mitigating challenges associated
In general, the status of the fisheries management of with limited human and other resources.
snapper fisheries based on Bontang and Kalimantan sites
The second is providing measures to improve the
of the assessment for FMA 713 shows a good (green)
availability of appropriate data on a continuous basis.
level of condition as shown by the aggregate values of the
Specific components include the continuation and
assessment. It means that the measures of EAFM
replication/expansion of participatory catch
indicators are generally fulfilled reflecting the effective
monitoring; and training in snapper and grouper
intervention given by the authorities (Table 2). Likewise,
species identification for government and non-
the status of groupers fisheries in both sites of the
government stakeholders. The third is providing
assessment also indicates a good level of condition. For
measures to improve socio-economic welfare with
both fisheries, habitat & ecosystem and social domains gender justice. Priority components include capacity
fall into average condition in Balikpapan site of building for fisher families (especially women) and
fishing cooperatives/groups in financial planning
assessment.
and management, diversification of alternative
Albeit aggregately in good condition, there are few
livelihoods, and grouper and snapper aquaculture; a n
indicators that fall into red level in both assessment
d practical training in safety at sea for small-scale
sites which should be considered for better fisheries
fishermen.
improvement program. It includes declining size
trends in target fishing (domain 1), water quality and
status of habitats (domain 2), destructive and illegal
fishing method which still show a frequency of
infractions >10/year (domain 3), saving ratio of
fisheries household which is still below the level of
borrowing interest rate (domain 5) and level of s
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infractions of fisheries laws/regulations per year
(domain 6).
Table 2. Composite values (fitted with flag model of level of
condition) of the EAFM assessment of the snapper/groupers
A woman in FMA 713 is helping her husband to fix the fishing nets
fisheries management (University of Hasanuddin, 2020)
Snapper Groupers
Domain Bontang Balikpapan Bontang Balikpapan The fourth is the need of researches to underpin
targeted interventions, including studies on potential
1. Fisheries Resources 58 57 65 62 size/gear restriction measures and gear
2. Habitat & Ecosystem 62 52 62 52 modification; global climate change impacts,
3. Fishing Technology 65 63 65 66 adaptation and mitigation; spawning aggregation
4. Social 70 53 70 53 sites (SPAGS); community knowledge, attitude and
5. Economy 77 77 77 77 perception (KAP study, in/around the proposed
6. Institutional 61 61 61 61 MPA). The final category is to enable administrative
Aggregate 65 60 67 62 support for responsible fishing, in particular: vessel
licensing, with a pilot project for rapid online fishing
permits for vessels under 30 GT, scaling down the
Note: applied flag model of level of condition: Good Average Bad
national system; and optimising synergy between
fisheries and transport services in vessel
measurement, with a phased re-measurement
program.
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