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picture1_Nutrition Ppt 47042 | 847 Protein Energy Malnutrition


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File: Nutrition Ppt 47042 | 847 Protein Energy Malnutrition
protein energy malnutrition protein energy malnutrition pem is the deficiency of macronutrients or energy and protein in the diet it is a nutritional disorder which affects all the segments of ...

icon picture PPTX Filetype Power Point PPTX | Posted on 18 Aug 2022 | 3 years ago
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                                                       PROTEIN ENERGY 
                                                            MALNUTRITION
       • Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the deficiency of 
         macronutrients or energy and protein in the diet.
       • It is a nutritional disorder, which affects all the segments of 
         population like children, women and adult males particularly from 
         the backward and downtrodden communities.
                                                Different Types of 
                       PEM
                       Clinical forms           Sub-clinical forms
                       o Kwashiorkor             Underweight
                       o Marasmus                Wasting 
                       o Marasmic kwashiorkor    Stunting
                        
                   KWASHIORKOR
   • Kwashiorkor is an African word, meaning a "disease of the 
    displaced child", who is deprived of adequate nutrition.
   •  Mostly in children between the ages of 1 and 3 years, when 
    they are completely weaned (taken off the breast). 
   • The three essential manifestations or signs of kwashiorkor 
    are:
   1. Oedema (swelling of feet)
   2. Growth failure, and
   3. Mental changes.
              CLINICAL SIGNS OF KWASHIORKOR IN DETAIL
    Oedema: accumulation of fluid in the tissues. 
    • Usually begins with a slight swelling in feet gradually spreading up the legs. 
     Later, hands and face may also have oedema. 
    Poor growth: Growth retardation is the earliest manifestation. 
    • The child will be lighter and shorter than its normal peers of same age and 
     weigh about 80% or less of their normal peers. 
    • Sometimes, in cases of gross swelling, the body weight may be relatively 
     higher. The child will also be wasted (thinner). The child's arms and legs will 
     appear thin as a result of wasting.
    Mental changes: kwashiorkor child has no interest in the surrounding. 
    • The child will also be irritable and prefers to stay at one place and in one 
     position.
             OTHER SIGNS WHICH MAY BE PRESENT ARE
  Hair changes: In kwashiorkor, the hair loses its healthy sheen and becomes 
  silkier and thinner. It takes coppery red colour (referred to as 'discoloured 
  hairy).
  • You could easily pluck small tufts of hair without causing any pain (referred 
   to as easy pluck ability) just by passing your hands through the hair.
  Skin changes: In many cases, dermatosis (changes in skin) is seen. 
  • Such changes are common in areas of friction.
  Moon face: The cheeks may seem swollen with fluid or fatty tissue and 
  often be        slightly sagging. 
  Micronutrient deficiencies: Almost all the children manifest anaemia (due 
  to iron deficiency) of some degree. 
  • Eye signs of vitamin A' deficiency are also common.
  • Manifestations of vitamin B complex deficiency are also noted in many 
   cases.
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...Protein energy malnutrition pem is the deficiency of macronutrients or and in diet it a nutritional disorder which affects all segments population like children women adult males particularly from backward downtrodden communities different types clinical forms sub o kwashiorkor underweight marasmus wasting marasmic stunting an african word meaning disease displaced child who deprived adequate nutrition mostly between ages years when they are completely weaned taken off breast three essential manifestations signs oedema swelling feet growth failure mental changes detail accumulation fluid tissues usually begins with slight gradually spreading up legs later hands face may also have poor retardation earliest manifestation will be lighter shorter than its normal peers same age weigh about less their sometimes cases gross body weight relatively higher wasted thinner s arms appear thin as result has no interest surrounding irritable prefers to stay at one place position other present hair lo...

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