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International Journal of Research and Review
www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237
Review Article
Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from
Plants: A Review
S. J. Kulkarni
Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Received: 21/10/2016 Revised: 16/11/2016 Accepted: 16/11/2016
ABSTRACT
Perfume industries are growing in demand as the living standards are improving day by day. There is
increasing demand for perfumes. They mask the body odor. Various methods such as solvent
extraction, hydro distillation and enfleurag can be used for oil extraction. Distillation based recovery
processes such as steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for the extraction of essential oils from
plant materials. Other methods include solvent extraction, expression or enfleurage. The current
review summarizes research on various methods for oil extraction and perfume formation from
various raw materials.
Key words: Distillation, extraction, yield, essential oil, solvent.
INTRODUCTION and animal substances are traditionally used
Fragrance oil(s) are also known as for perfume formation. Essential oils, pure
aroma oils, aromatic oils, and flavor oils. grain oil and water are three key ingredients
They are synthetic aroma compounds or in relation to perfume making. Essential
natural essential oils that are diluted with a oils, or volatile oils, are found in many
carrier like propylene glycol, vegetable oil, different plants. Investigations are reported
or mineral oil. Perfume is a mixture of on oil extraction by distillation for
fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, modification and optimization. [1,2] Various
fixatives and solvents. It gives a pleasant analytical and physical aspects have been
[3-5]
scent to the human body, animals, food, investigated by various investigators. In
objects, and living-spaces. Perfume give the current review, the summery on research
pleasant feeling and increases enthusiasm to carried out for perfume and essential oil
perform better at workplaces. Many plant extraction from various sources is presented.
extracts are very important from
therapeutical perspectives. Extracts of REVIEW ON OIL EXTRACTION AND
biologically active components isolated PERFUME FORMULATION FROM
from plant species finds numerous PLANTS
applications in perfume, aroma and Extraction of essential oil of
pharmaceutical industries. A perfume is lemongrass by microwave-assisted hydro
composed of three notes, namely base note, distillation (MAHD) and solvent free
middle note and top note. Smell of fragrance microwave extraction (SFME) method was
after drying is referred as base note. Mixing carried out by Singh et.al. [6] Their
of perfume with unique body chemistry investigation included studies on effects of
forms middle note. The first smell various parameters like microwave power,
experienced in an aroma is top note. Plant irradiation time and sample particle size.
International Journal of Research & Review (www.gkpublication.in) 56
Vol.3; Issue: 11; November 2016
S. J. Kulkarni. Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from Plants: A Review
They observed an increase in oil yield with carried out an investigation on formulation
increasing microwave power, irradiation of perfume from lemongrass. [13] They used
time and decreasing particle size. An three methods namely solvent extraction,
investigation on the effects of three maturity hydro distillation and enfleurage for oil
stages at harvest of lemongrass on essential extraction. Their research indicated that oil
oil, chemical composition and citral was not instantly extracted. Wetting or
contents was carried out by Tajidin et.al. [7] swelling of the grass inside the distillation
They observed that maturity stage at harvest still consumes 10-15 minutes. They
is influenced by essential oil and citral observed that the yield in solvent extraction
contents. Their studies pointed out that it is method was greater than the yield obtained
important to harvest at the appropriate level from steam distillation. Experiments and
of maturity in order to achieve high quality modeling for extraction of the Cymbopogon
essential oil. Wany et.al reviewed chemical winterianus essential oil extraction by steam
analysis and therapeutic uses of citronella distillation were carried out by Cassel et.al.
oil from cymbopogon winterianus. [8] [14] Cultivated Cymbopogon winterianus,
According to them there are several possible (Jowitt) and C. citratus (DC) (STAPF) were
varieties of Citronella which consistently also used with satisfactory results by
gave oils of composition different to either Chagonda wt.al. [15] Moncada et.al studied
Ceylon type or Java type. This review techno-economic and environmental
provided an insight into chemical assessment of essential oil extraction from
composition and the extent to which the citronella (cymbopogon winteriana) and
[16]
main constituents varies in proportion. Two lemongrass (cymbopogon citrus)
methods, viz. microwave-assisted hydro-
distillation (MAHD) and conventional CONCLUSION
hydro distillation (HD) for extraction of Various methods such as solvent
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extraction, hydro distillation and enfleurag
essential oil were used by Ranitha et.al. [9] can be used for oil extraction. Various
They observed that MAHD method analytical and physical aspects are
provided a better alternative. Ain et.al investigated by various investigators.
investigated use of lemongrass Essential oils, pure grain oil and water are
(Cymbopogon citratus) oleoresin in three key ingredients in relation to perfume
[10]
pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). making. Essential oils, or volatile oils, are
They found optimized operating conditions found in many different plants. Distillation
as 167°C, a pressure of 1203 psi and a static based recovery processes such as steam and
time of 20.43 min. Oloyede carried out an vacuum distillation are preferred for the
investigation on antibacterial activity of extraction of essential oils from plant
aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus materials.
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S. J. Kulkarni. Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from Plants: A Review
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How to cite this article: Kulkarni SJ. Oil extraction and perfume formulation from plants: a
review. International Journal of Research and Review. 2016; 3(11):56-58.
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International Journal of Research & Review (www.gkpublication.in) 58
Vol.3; Issue: 11; November 2016
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