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4.1 Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integration Objectives: Write the general solution of a differential equation. Use indefinite integral notation for antiderivatives Use basic integration rules to find antiderivatives Assignment: pg. 255 #’s 2‐44 even Exploration For each derivative, describe the original function F. a. 'Fx( ) 2x b. 'Fx( ) x 2 c. 'Fx( ) x d. 'Fx( ) 1 x2 e. 'Fx( ) 1 x3 f. 'Fx( ) cosx Definition of Antiderivative A function F is an antiderivative of f on an interval Fx'( ) f(x) I if for all x in I. You can represent the entire family of antiderivatives of a function by adding a constant to a known antiderivative. 2 then f()xx C F'(xx) 2 The constant C is called the constant of integration. 1 Notation for Antiderivatives When solving a differential equation of the form dy f ()x dx It is convenient to write in the equivalent differential form dy f ()x dx The operation of finding all solutions of this equation is called antidifferentiation (or indefinite integration) and is denoted by an integral sign ∫. yf()xdxF()xC Variable of integration Constant of integration yf()xdxF()xC Integrand An antiderivative of f (x) The expression ∫ f (x)dx is read as the antiderivative of f with respect to x. So, the differential dx serves to identify x as the variable of integration. The term indefinite integral is a synonym for antiderivative. Basic Integration Rules Differentiation Formulas d d sinxxcos C 0 dx dx d d cosxxsin kx k dx dx d d 2 tan xxsec kf ()x kf ()x dx dx d d secx secxxtan f ()xg()x f()xg()x dx dx d d 2 nn1 cot csc xx xn x dx dx d cscx cscxxcot dx 2 Basic Integration Rules Integration Formulas sin x C xdx 0 dxC cos cosxC kd x sin xd x kx C sec2xd x kf ()x dx kf()xdx tan x C sec tan secxC f ()xg ()xdx x xdx f()xdx g(xd)x xn1 2 n csc Cn, 1 xdxcotxC xd xn1 cscxcotxd x cscx C Find the general solution of the differential equation. dy 3x dx Examples Original Rewrite Integrate Simplify Integral 1 dx x3 xdx 2sinx dx 3 (2x ) dx 42 35x xxdx x1dx x sin x dx cos2 x 4
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