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Agric. Sci. Digest., 34 (3) : 223 - 225, 2014 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE
doi:10.5958/0976-0547.2014.01007.6 www.arccjournals.com
EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND NITROGEN APPLICATION THROUGH
FERTIGATION ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE
K. Prabhakar, G. Karuna Sagar*, M. Sreenivasa Chari,
C. Kiran Kumar Reddy and S. Chandra Sekhar
Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad
Agricultural Research Station, Utukur, Kadapa-516 003, India
Received: 22-08-2013 Accepted: 21-07-2014
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the effect of planting
geometry and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane. Two spacings (S -paired
1
row planting 75/105 cm and S -normal planting 90 cm) and four nitrogen levels applied through
2
fertigation (D1-100 % RDN, D2-75 % RDN, D3-50 % RDN and D4-Farmers practice) were tested in
strip-plot design with three replications. Results revealed that paired row planting (75/105 cm)
registered significantly higher cane girth, cane weight, millable cane population and cane yield over
normal planting (90 cm) in both the years. Application of 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen
through fertigation was found superior than the other treatments with respect to yield attributes and
cane yield during both the years. Quality of sugarcane was not influenced by crop geometry and
nitrogen fertigation levels
Key words: Fertigation, Nitrogen levels, Planting geometry, Quality, Sugarcane.
INTRODUCTION cost of drip irrigation system and to take up plant
Sugarcane, an important agro-industrial crop protection measures. In the light of the above, the
in India is cultivated in about 4.94 m ha producing present investigation was taken up to study the effect
about 342 m MT with productivity of 68.5 MT of plant geometry and nitrogen levels through
(Indiastat.com). The average cane yield of existing fertigation on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane.
sugarcane cultivars is much lower than actual MATERIALS AND METHODS
production potential due to improper nutrient A field experiment was conducted at the
management and planting geometry. Being a long Agricultural Research Station, Utukur, Kadapa,
-1
duration crop, 125 MT ha of sugarcane removes Andhra Pradesh during 2009-10 and 2010-11. The
about 83 kg N (Yadav, 1991). Nitrogen is one of the experimental soil was red sandy loam in texture,
important yield limiting nutrients and its efficient use slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 8.2) and low in
is inevitable for economic sustainability. Therefore, organic carbon (0.4 %), available N (197 kg/ha),
an adequate supply of nitrogen in the effective root available P O (12.5 kg/ha) and high in available
zone of crop is essential for obtaining sustainable 2 5
KO (280 kg/ha). The treatments was laid out in
cane yield. 2
strip-plot design replicated thrice with two spacings
The economic yield is determined by the viz., S - paired row planting (75/105 cm) and S -
capability of plant to produce photosynthates and 1 2
normal row planting (90 cm) as main-plots and four
their distribution to sink. In order to realize the full nitrogen levels through fertigation viz., D - 100 %
1
benefits of the land and environmental resources, it recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN); D -75 %
2
is necessary to accommodate the plants in the field RDN; D - 50 % RDN and D - Farmers practice, as
3 4
in such a pattern that there is least competition sub-plots. The test variety 2000 V 36 (early maturing
among them for essential growth factors, besides variety) was planted on 20-01-2009 and 10-03-2010
other advantages like reduction in the installation and harvested on 14-02-2010 and 28-02-2011
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: karunaagro@yahoo.co.in
224 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST- A Research Journal
during the year 2009 and 2010, respectively. 1
1 9 7 8 8 1 5
) - 7 8 5 6 3 8 9 1 9 5
Recommended dose of fertilizer was 224 kg N, 80 a 0 . . 1 9 . . . . 5 3
h 1 9 2 . . 3 0 3 7 . .
/ 0 2 1 1 4 3 3 1 0 2 6
kg P O and 80 kg K O/ha. In fertigation, nitrogen t 2
( 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 5 2
d
l
was given through urea at bi-weekly intervals starting e
i
y
from15 days after planting (DAP) up to 150 DAP in 0 6 3 8 3 6 1
e 1 2 5 9 4 4 1 8 1 3 2
n - . . . . . .
ten equal splits as per the treatments. Phosphorus . a 9 4 1 0 4
s C 0 0 6 . . 7 6 5 4 . .
l 3 1 0 2 3 3 1 0 3 7
e 0
v 1 1 1 1 1 1
and potassium were applied as basal dose to all the 2
e
l
plots through single super phosphate and muriate of n
e
1
g
potash, respectively. The juice quality was analysed o a 1 9 6 4 8 0 4 8 4
r h - 7 3 7 7 0 3 1 5
t / 0 2 0
as per the procedure outlined by Spencer and Meade i n 2 1 7 6 1 5 9 2 5 6
n o 1 7 0 3 7 6 0 0 6
i 0 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 1
d e t
(1963). Data obtained from the experiment was n l a 2
a b l
a u
l
l p
statistically analyzed following standard statistical y i
r o 0
t M p 1 8 3 2 0 3 6
e 9
e - 4 8 9 9 5 1 0 4 5
methods (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). 5
m n 9 1 0 0 1 8 2 2 7 2
7
o a 0
c 8 3 4 2 1 9 9 1 4
e 0 1
6 6 7 7 5 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION g
2
g
n
Planting geometry: Cane yield was significantly i
t
n 1
influenced by the planting geometry. Paired row a 1
l
p - 0 5 5 2 9 8 3 0 4 9
e
0 8 6 0 0 8 8 6 5 0 0
n . . . . . . . . . .
planting (S ) registered significantly higher cane yield y 1
1 a 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
b c ) 0
-1 l g 2
(130.26 and 129.79 t ha ) as compared to normal d a k
e (
u
-1 c d t
planting (116.53 and 112.87 t ha ) in both the years n i W 0
e v
u i 1
l d - 3 9 2 8 9 6 2 8 7 7
(Table.1). The per cent increase in cane yield with f
n 1 7 0 0 0 0 9 7 0 1
n I 9
i . . . . . . . . . .
0
2 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0
paired row planting was to the magnitude of 10.54 s 0
a
2
and 13.03 per cent over normal planting in first and e
n 1
a
c ) 1
second year, respectively. The significantly higher - 5 7 3 2 4 6 1 5 1 2
r
m 0 8 4 0 1 8 8 5 4 5 1
a . . . . . . . . . .
c
cane yield in paired row planting was mainly due to g ( 1
2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0
u 0
s h
t 2
higher cane girth (2.67 and 2.85 cm), number of f r
i
o
g
d 0
millable canes (68148 and 67279) and reasonably l e
1
e n
i - 6 0 3 3 0 1 0 1 8 8
a
y 9 7 5 0 1 8 8 5 4 0 1
good single cane weight (2.13 and 1.80 kg) as C . . . . . . . . . .
e 0
2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0
n 0
compared to normal planting (2.50 and 2.47 cm; a 2
c
63083 and 60136; 1.79 and 1.65 kg during 2009 d
n 1
a 1 9 6 3 8 1 8
and 2010, respectively). The increase in yield and
- 2 3 4
s 6 0 6 4 5 8 S
0 . . 1 5 . . . . 2
e . . .
t 1 7 5 8 8 4 3 N
yield attributes with paired row planting owed due s 0 0 0
u e
0 2 2 2 2 2 2
b
i d 2
r
t o
to better air circulation and light penetration which t
n
a f
o
might have enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency d
l 0
.
e 1 2 1 1 6 3 5
i o
- 7 0 6
of plants, reduced shoot mortality, increased number y N 9 8 6 9 3 5 S
9 . . 7 3 . . . . 5
, . . .
0 0 6 8 8 8 9 N
s 0 3 0
-2 r
of millable canes m and individual cane weight. 0 3 2 2 2 2 2
e
t 2
e
These results are collaborated with that of Singh et
m
a 1
r )
1 0 8 4 7 0 1 9 2
al. (2010) and Singh et al. (2009). However, quality a . . . . . .
m - 0 7
p S S
c 0 0 4 . 2 7 7 2 .
(
1 9 7 8 N 0 9 6 6 5 N
parameters such as brix, sucrose, commercial cane h
t 0 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 5
h
t
w g 2
sugar (CCS) and purity were not affected by plant o
r n
n
e
G l e
0
geometry. e g
: 1 2 4 3 5 5 8 4 1
n - . . . . . . o
1 2 4 r
a S S t
9 0 4 . 1 1 2 4 . i
C 0 4 7 1 N 4 5 6 7 3 N n
Nitrogen levels: The highest magnitude of yield E
0 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 5
f
2 o
attributes i.e. cane girth, cane weight and millable
ABL e
s
cane population and higher cane yield was recorded T e o
y c
r i d
t t
with the application of 100 % recommended dose e c d
s
l N a e
m r
e N N
w D p d
of nitrogen (RDN) through fertigation (D ) which o v
1 o R D D n
e e s
r l l e
t g ) R R r )
a
was however, at par with D (75 % RDN) and n 5 % e 5 m
2 g d n
e e m 0 0
r . e % % m . m
n r 0 r
m i i 0 g 0
significantly superior to other treatments (D and D ) t t o ± ( 0 5 0 a ± ( o
3 4 a o c
a n N r 1 7 5 F
P m - - - - m e
e a - - t
in both the years of study (Table.1). Lowest values l 1 2 E D i 1 2 3 4 E D
r R
T P S S S C N D D D D S C *
Vol. 34, No. 3, 2014 225
TABLE 2: Juice quality parameters of sugarcane as influenced by planting geometry and nitrogen levels.
Treatment Brix (%) Sucrose (%) Purity (%) CCS (%)
2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11
Planting geometry
S-Paired row 15.86 18.91 12.49 16.88 78.5 89.20 5.80 6.28
1
S-Normal 16.90 17.98 13.49 15.75 79.8 87.34 6.60 5.74
2
SEm± 0.42 0.49 0.61 0.73 1.63 1.50 013 0.18
CD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
Nitrogen levels
D-100 % RDN 17.09 17.85 13.61 15.50 79.39 86.34 6.75 6.07
1
D-75 % RDN 16.35 18.91 12.95 17.01 79.17 89.86 6.23 6.28
2
D-50 % RDN 15.62 18.71 12.10 16.68 77.22 89.11 5.72 5.74
3
D-Farmers practice 16.45 18.31 13.31 16.09 80.58 87.77 6.39 5.96
4
SEm± 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.96 2.29 2.05 0.28 0.34
CD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
*Recommended dose of nitrogen
of yield attributes and cane yield was observed results are in accordance with those of Mahendran
under farmers practice (D4). 100 % RDN (D1) and Dhanalakshmi (2003) and Rajanna and Patil
increased the cane yield over D and D to the tune (2003). Application of RDN through fertigation did
3 4 not exhibit any significant influence on quality
of 15.72 and 24.27 respectively in 2009. The
respective increase during 2010 was 14.59 and parameters viz., brix, sucrose, CCS and purity.
19.66 per cent over D3 and D4. This might be From the present study, it can be concluded
presumably due to concomitant supply of nitrogen that better cane yield could be obtained with the
and translocation of photosynthates efficiently to sink application of 75 % RDN through fertigation and paired
which resulted in higher number of millable canes row planting (75/105 cm) in red sandy loam soils of
and improved the individual cane weight. These Southern Agro-climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh.
REFERENCES
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. International Rice Research
Institute, Manila, Philippines. pp 304 -305.
Indiastat.com
th
Mahendran, S. and Dhanalakshmi, M. (2003). 65 Annual Convention, 24 August, 2003. Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India,
pp 80-87.
Rajanna, M.P. and Patil, V.C. (2003). Effect of fertigation on yield and quality of sugarcane. Indian Sugar 52: 1007-1011.
Singh, S.N., Singh, P.K., Singh, A.K., Singh, S.C. and Sharma, M.l. (2009). Effect of planting geometry on physiological
traits affecting sugarcane and sugar yield in sub tropical India. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 79:317-320.
Singh, P.K., Yadav, R.L. and Shukla, S.K. (2010). Effect of planting geometry, nitrogen and potassium application on
yield and quality of ratoon sugarcane in sub tropical climatic conditions. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 80:1038-1042.
th
Spencer,G.I. and Meade, G.P. (1963). Cane Sugar hand book. 9 ed.G.P.Meade, John Wiley and Sons.Inc. New York.
Yadav, R. L. (1991). Sugarcane Production Technology, Constraints and Potentialities. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
New Delhi, pp 94-96.
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