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51830 WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 173 AFRICA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SERIES Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedMultigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa Lessons from Uganda, Senegal, and The Gambia Aidan G. Mulkeen Cathal Higgins Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 173 MultigradeTeachingin SubSaharanAfrica LessonsfromUganda,Senegal, andTheGambia AidanG.Mulkeen CathalHiggins AfricaRegionHumanDevelopmentDepartment WWEB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 1EB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 1 88/7/2009 12:00:59 PM/7/2009 12:00:59 PM Copyright©2009 TheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank 1818HStreet,N.W. Washington,D.C.20433,U.S.A. Allrightsreserved ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica FirstPrinting:August2009 Printedonrecycledpaper 123412111009 WorldBankWorkingPapersarepublishedtocommunicatetheresultsoftheBanksworktothe developmentcommunitywiththeleastpossibledelay.Themanuscriptofthispaperthereforehasnot beenpreparedinaccordancewiththeproceduresappropriatetoformallyeditedtexts.Somesources citedinthispapermaybeinformaldocumentsthatarenotreadilyavailable. Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddo notnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/The WorldBankanditsaffiliatedorganizations,orthoseoftheExecutiveDirectorsofTheWorldBankor thegovernmentstheyrepresent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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ISBN13:9780821380659 eISBN:9780821380765 ISSN:17265878 DOI:10.1596/9780821380659 Coverpicture,MultigradeteachingwithP6andP7inBusangaschool,Uganda. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Uganda,Senegal,and MultigradeteachinginSubSaharanAfrica:lessonsfrom theGambia/WorldBank. p.cm.(WorldBankworkingpaper;no.173) Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN9780821380659ISBN9780821380765(electronic) 1.CombinationofgradesAfrica,SubSaharanCasestudies.2.EducationAfrica, SubSaharanCasestudies.I.WorldBank. LB1029.C53M8562009 371.250967dc22 2009023098 WWEB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 2EB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 2 88/7/2009 12:01:14 PM/7/2009 12:01:14 PM Contents Foreword..................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................vi AbbreviationsandAcronyms.............................................................................................. vii ExecutiveSummary............................................................................................................... viii 1.Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1 2.RelevanceofMultigradeTeachinginSubSaharanAfrica........................................... 2 EducationforAll................................................................................................................. 2 SchoolAccessinRemoteAreas......................................................................................... 3 WorldwideUseofMultigradeTeaching......................................................................... 5 AssociatedBenefitsofMultigradeTeaching................................................................... 6 3.TheNatureofMultigradeTeaching.................................................................................. 9 AlternativestoMultigradeStrategies.............................................................................. 9 OrganizationofMultigradeTeaching............................................................................ 11 4.MultigradeSchoolinginPractice..................................................................................... 13 Uganda............................................................................................................................... 13 Senegal................................................................................................................................ 16 TheGambia........................................................................................................................ 18 5.PolicyIssuesforMultigradeEducation.......................................................................... 21 CurriculumFlexibility...................................................................................................... 21 ClassSize............................................................................................................................ 23 SchoolManagement......................................................................................................... 23 TeachingandLearningResources.................................................................................. 24 TheInvolvementandSupportofParentsandtheCommunity................................. 25 FinancialImplications...................................................................................................... 26 6.Recommendations............................................................................................................... 28 TeacherPerceptionofMultigradeTeaching................................................................. 28 TeacherTraining............................................................................................................... 28 ProfessionalSupport........................................................................................................ 29 TeacherRetention............................................................................................................. 30 7.Conclusion............................................................................................................................ 32 References................................................................................................................................. 36 iii WWEB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 3EB_WP_173_print_8-07-09_IrishAid_logo.pdf 3 88/7/2009 12:01:14 PM/7/2009 12:01:14 PM
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