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picture1_Play Therapy Pdf 89414 | Problem Solving Process


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File: Play Therapy Pdf 89414 | Problem Solving Process
the four step problem solving process george polya described the experience of problem solving in his book how to solve it p v a great discovery solves a great problem ...

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                                                The Four­step  Problem­solving Process 
                                                George  Polya described the experience of problem  solving in his book, How to 
                                               Solve It, p. v: 
                          A great discovery solves a great problem  but there is a grain of discovery in the solution of any 
                          problem.  Your problem  may be modest; but if it challenges your curiosity and brings into play 
                          your inventive facilities,  and ifyou solve it by your own means, you may experience the tension 
                          and enjoy the triumph of discovery. 
                          As part of his work on problem  solving, Polya developed a four­step problem­solving process similar to 
                          the following: 
                                    Understanding the Problem 
                                           1.  Can you state the problem in your own words? 
                                           2.    What are you trying to find or do? 
                                           3.    What are the unknowns? 
                                           4.    What information  do you obtain from the problem? 
                                           5.    What information,  if any, is missing or not needed? 
                                    Devising a Plan 
                                     The following list of strategies, although not exhaustive,  is very useful: 
                                           1.  Look for a pattern. 
                                           2.   Examine related problems and determine if the same technique can be applied. 
                                           3.   Examine a simpler or special case of the problem to gain insight into the solution of the 
                                                original problem. 
                                           4.   Make a table. 
                                           5.  Make a diagram. 
                                           6.   Write an equation. 
                                           7.  Use a guess and check. 
                                           8.   Work backward. 
                                           9.   Identify a subgoal. 
                                    Carrying out the Plan 
                                           1.  Implement the strategy in ·Step 2 and perform any necessary  actions or computations. 
                                           2.   Check each step of the plan as you proceed. This may be intuitive checking or a formal 
                                                proof of each step. 
                                           3.   Keep an accurate re.cord of your work. 
                                    Looking Back 
                                           1.  Check the results  in the original problem. In some cases, this will require a proof. 
                                          2.    Interpret the solution  in terms of the original problem. boes  your answer make sense? Is 
                                                it reasonable? 
                                          3.    Determine  whether there is another method of finding the solution. 
                                          4.    If possible,  determine  other related or more general problems for which the techniques 
                                                will work. 
                          These and other general mathematics  problem­solving strategies, or rules of thumb for successful problem 
                          solving, are called heuristics. 
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