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IAEA-TECDOC-1445 Development of protocols for corrosion and deposits evaluation in pipes by radiography April 2005 IAEA-TECDOC-1445 Development of protocols for corrosion and deposits evaluation in pipes by radiography April 2005 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOCOLS FOR CORROSION AND DEPOSITS EVALUATION IN PIPES BY RADIOGRAPHY IAEA, VIENNA, 2005 IAEA-TECDOC-1445 ISBN 92–0–102105–4 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2005 Printed by the IAEA in Austria April 2005 FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency is promoting industrial applications of non-destructive testing (NDT) technology, which includes radiography testing (RT) and related methods, to assure safety and reliability of operation of nuclear, petrochemical and other industrial facilities. In many industries such as petroleum, power stations, refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, desalination pipelines and urban gas installations, the reliability and safety of equipment can be substantially influenced by degradation processes such as corrosion, erosion, deposits and blocking of pipes which can seriously affect the security and consistency. One of the most important parameters in a piping or pipeline to be monitored and measured is the wall thickness. Among NDT methods, radiography has the advantage in that in the process of an inspection it eliminates the need for the costly removal of the pipe insulation and also the added benefit that it can be carried out in high temperature environments. The Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Validation of Protocols for Corrosion and Deposits Determination in Small Diameter Pipes by Radiography (CORDEP) was implemented from 1997 to 2000 with the participation of 11 NDT laboratories from Algeria, China, Costa Rica, France, India, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia and Turkey. The CRP tested and validated radiographic measurement of corrosion and deposits in straight and bent pipes made of carbon or stainless steels corroded/eroded on the outer or inner surfaces with or without insulation. Each participating laboratory produced three test specimens of straight and bent pipes containing natural as well as simulated corrosion defects. Typical diameters of these pipes were up to 168 mm. Radiography using X ray machines and radioisotopes of Iridium-192 and Cobalt-60 in conjunction with radiographic film using single and double wall penetrations for total inspection was performed. Selected areas showing corrosion were then inspected using the tangential radiography technique combined with the relevant system of corrosion/erosion evaluation through measurement of the radiographic film density. Selected specimens along with essential documents were sent to the laboratories in agreement holder countries for verification of the experimental results using analogue as well as digital image processing for interpretation of radiographs. Research coordination meetings were held to review the progress and the workplan during 1997 and 2000. The final and concluding meeting of this CRP was held in Vienna from 4 to 8 September 2000. This TECDOC contains not only the results of the participating laboratories after their review and compilation, but also the individual country reports. This TECDOC provides procedures and protocols for radiography applications in monitoring corrosion and deposits in pipes. It will assist NDT laboratories in Member States in assessing plant life through the use of NDT technologies. The report is intended for NDT specialists and managers of industry. The IAEA acknowledges the valuable contribution of all the participants in the CRP. The IAEA officer responsible for this TECDOC was A.A. Khan of the Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences.
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