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small group discussion method in teaching reading comprehension in eight grade students of smp n 3 bantul in academic year 2017 2018 nurhadi ningsih 13144700008 english language education study program ...

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              SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION METHOD IN TEACHING READING 
            COMPREHENSION IN EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 3 BANTUL IN 
                         ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018 
                                  
                                  
                             Nurhadi Ningsih 
                              13144700008 
           English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, 
                          University of PGRI Yogyakarta  
                                2017 
                        Email: ningsihnurhadi110@yahoo.co.id 
                                  
                              ABSTRACT 
            
              The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference of 
           students’  reading  comprehension  ability  between  students  who  are  taught  by  small  group 
           discussion method and students who are taught by preaching method in eight grade students of 
           SMP Negeri 3 Bantul in academic year 2017/2018. 
              This  research  was  a  quasi-experimental  research.  The  design  of  this  research  was 
           Nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The population of this research was all of 
           students class VIII. The sample was class VIII A as control class and VIII B as experimental 
           class.The analysis techniques used t-test with α 0.05. The data collection used test. 
             The result of this research shows that there is a significant difference of students’ reading 
           comprehension ability between both experimental and control classes. It can be seen from the mean 
           score in the post-test of experimental class and control class. The mean score of experimental class 
           is  higher  than  the  mean  score  of  control  class  (70.85  >  51.28).  It  is  proved  by  the  result  of 
           hypothesis testing through Independent samples T-Test. The significant value is lower than α 0.05 
           (0.000<0.05)  which  means  that  the  result  of  this  research  are  considered  to  have  significant 
           difference.  Therefore,  the  hypothesis  of  this  research  is  accepted.  It  means  that  small  group 
           discussion  method  is  significantly  effective  for  the  students’  reading  comprehension  ability  in 
           teaching learning process at SMP Negeri 3 Bantul.  
            
           Keywords:  Small  Group  Discussion  Method,  Students’  reading  comprehension  ability.
                                                                                                                            
                             
                            INTRODUCTION                                        understanding different text types and in 
                                                                                the different reading activity.  
                                 Reading comprehension is the way                    Students of junior high school have 
                            to  get  information  from  the  text.  The         to be able to read text types in English 
                            process  of  comprehension  is  needed              subject.  In  general,  students  of  junior 
                            mental  and  physic.  Burhan  (2011:9)              high school do their task by reading as 
                            states   that   reading    comprehension            fast  as  they  can  until  they  find  words 
                            involves of physic and mental activity to           that  they  do  not  know  the  meaning. 
                            reveal the meaning of the written text,             They will skip the words and move to 
                            while in that activity there is a process           the other sentences or jump to the other 
                            of knowing letters. The physic activity is          text,  when  they  do  not  understand  the 
                            the  parts  of  the  body,  our  eyes               content of the text. This is worst reading 
                            particularly, do it. The mental activity is         activity.    In  fact,  student  needs  to  get 
                            perception  and  memory  as  parts  of              information in order to comprehend the 
                            thought are involved in it. The main goal           text that they read. Student who does not 
                            of  reading  comprehension  is  getting             read comprehensive will influence their 
                            information from the written text. There            achievement of getting information and 
                            are many written text forms in life, such           will  get  low  scores  as  an  outcome  in 
                            as      advertisements,        magazines,           learning.  
                            newspapers,  piece  of  news;  they  are                 Student’s  reading  comprehension 
                            printed in written form. In order to get            ability can be measured by the student’s 
                            information,  reader  needs  to  have               knowledge of the text written that they 
                            reading comprehension ability. Reading              have  read.  The  measurement  is  a  test 
                            comprehension is considered as skill in             from teacher.  Students  are  given  some 
                            reading, without it reader cannot get the           questions  about  the  text  then  they 
                            information  either  implicit  or  explicit         answer  it  correctly.  So  the  result  of 
                            messages. Hafner (1974: 117) proposes               students’ scores is a tool to verify how 
                            two     factors    influencing     reading          far  students’  achievement  in  reading 
                            comprehension  ability.  Intelligence  is           comprehension  process.  The  reading 
                            the  first  factor  and  the  main  factor  of      comprehension      process    cannot     be 
                            reader’s     capability     in     reading          directly  observed,  all  scores  or  data 
                            comprehension.  The  second  factor  is             produced by reading test that measures 
                            background knowledge of reader. If the              students’ reading process indirectly. 
                            reader  has  well  sufficient  background                Students’  achievement  in  reading 
                            knowledge about the theme of the text               comprehension  is  also  influenced  by 
                            he or she is going to read, it will help            teaching process in the class. Teaching 
                            him or her a lot in comprehending the               process  must  be  enjoyable.  Moedjiono 
                            text.  In  addition,  Cathrine  (2002:  11)         and Dimyati (2013: 23) say that teaching 
                            explains that there are four elements of            process  involves  students,  teachers, 
                            reading    comprehension,      those    are         contents,  methods,  media,  evaluations, 
                            cognitive  abilities  (attention,  memory,          and  the  goals  of  learning.  Those  are 
                            critical ability, inference, visualization);        called   as   components  in  teaching 
                            motivation  (a  purpose  for  reading  and          process. From the components, we know 
                            interest  in  the  content);  knowledge             that teacher is one of the components in 
                            (vocabulary     and    topic   knowledge,           teaching process. She is as a creator that 
                            linguistic,  and  discourse  knowledge,             can create a creative teaching process in 
                            comprehension         strategies);     and          teaching  reading  comprehension.  The 
                            experiences.  These  are  varying  among            other component that can help to create 
                            readers      and       varying      within          fun teaching process in the class is using 
                                                                                method.  It  supports  enjoyable  teaching 
                                                                            
                             
                                                                                                                                  
                              
                             learning  process,  so  the  students’  final          Moreover, students have opportunity to 
                             outcome will be better.                                share their ideas and questions. 
                                  One of the method that teacher can                     Based on the observation that was 
                             use is small group discussion. According               conducted  by  the  researcher  in  eight 
                             to Djamarah (2006: 73-74) small group                  grade students in SMP Negeri 3 Bantul. 
                             discussion is learning method that gives               It  found  that  the  condition  was  same 
                             effect for students to study more active               with the previous problem mentioned in 
                             in  teaching  and  learning  processes,                English  teaching  learning  process.  The 
                             because  they  can  interact  with  their              problem  mentioned  that  the  teaching 
                             friends.  It  is  conducted  by  making  a             learning goal was not achieved because 
                             group  to  achieve  the  goals  of  learning           students’ scores were low. It showed by 
                             and to improve students’ final outcome                 their  pre-test  scores.  Students’  mean 
                             in learning. It also gives a technique of              score were 16.00 from the minimal score 
                             problem       solving,      communication              75.00. It was influenced by many factors 
                             actively,  restore  of  team  work,  and               in  teaching  learning  process.  One  of 
                             increases  students’  participations  in               them  is  teaching  style  in  delivery  the 
                             taking decision.                                       material.    Teacher      used    preaching 
                                  Applying  small  group  discussion                method  in  her  teaching  process.  She 
                             method  gives  benefits  to  overcome                  gave tasks then students had to answer it 
                             students’      problems       in     reading           according to the text that they had read. 
                             comprehension  through  discussion  the                Teacher  used  preaching  method  in 
                             implicit information of the text that they             teaching process. It was caused students 
                             have  read  and  solve  the  difficult                 feel bored and uninterested. Students felt 
                             meaning  of  the  text,  then  answer                  bored because students just got tasks to 
                             questions  together.  Besides  that,  small            be  finished.  They  cannot  share  their 
                             group  discussion  can  decrease  of                   opinion in learning. The other problem 
                             students’       anxiety       in     reading           that makes teaching reading process was 
                             comprehension;  they  can  share  the                  not interesting i.e there was no feedback 
                             difficulties  to  their  friends  in  the  same        interaction     between      teacher     and 
                             group easily. They will be more opened                 students. Students wanted to ask but felt 
                             among  them  and  they  will  help  each               shame and teacher did not have enough 
                             other to read more comprehensively to                  time to have discussion.  
                             get the main information of the text up                     Reading  comprehension  is  also 
                             to the end of task. Mc.Keown, Beck, &                  language  skill  which  most  of  the 
                             Blake, in Mc.Laughlin (2012: 433) state                students  are  afraid.  They  are  afraid  if 
                             that class discussion plays an important               they  do  not  understand  the  content  of 
                             role in reading comprehension. Students                text, they cannot get information what is 
                             refine their understanding by negotiating              actually          written.          Reading 
                             meaning with others, i.e. through class                comprehension skill is needed to answer 
                             discussion.  It  is  engaging  students  in            the  questions  in  English  exam  subject. 
                             such      discussion     promote       active          Considering  the  importance  of  reading 
                             engagement  in  constructing  meaning                  comprehension skill, it seems necessary 
                             from a text.                                           to conduct a research and try to find out 
                                  Reading comprehension is the key                  an  alternative  solution  in  teaching 
                             of success for the students. They can be               reading comprehension.  
                             said success when they get high scores                      We can see from the background of 
                             in    the    final    learning.    Students’           the problems. It is clearly seen that most 
                             competency  in  reading  comprehension                 of  the  students  have  low  reading 
                             will help them to increase their scores,               comprehension ability. It is showed by 
                             through small group discussion method.                 the students’ result in pre-test. Students’ 
                                                                                                                                            
                                
                               mean scores of control and experimental                    research  all  issues,  because  it  is 
                               classes     were  16.00  from  standard                    insufficient  of  time  and  cost.  So, 
                               minimal  score  75.00.  There  are  three                  researcher  limits  one  problem  that 
                               factors that create these problems. They                   influences       the     students’      reading 
                               are    English      teacher,    method,  and               comprehension  ability.  The  researcher 
                               students.  Those  elements  are  having                    focuses  on  the  method  of  teaching 
                               important      effect     of    the    students’           process.  The  preaching  method  that 
                               outcome in reading comprehension. The                      English      teacher     used     in   teaching 
                               following  are  the  discussion  of  each                  learning  process  at  SMP  N  3  Bantul 
                               element.                                                   caused students are unable to get their 
                                     First,    English     teacher     is    not          maximum  achievement  of  reading 
                               sensitive  of  students’  problems  in                     comprehension  ability.  It  did  not  give 
                               learning  English  subject,  especially                    opportunity for students to express their 
                               when  students  do  their  task.  Teacher                  idea,  opinion,  problems.  Students  are 
                               thought that she has given the theory of                   bored  during  the  teaching  learning 
                               the  text  types,  so  students  will  answer              process,  and  they  still  had  difficulties 
                               the questions easily. Sometimes teacher                    dealing  with  reading  comprehension, 
                               has opinion that reading is easy, so she                   while  reading  is  an  important  skill  for 
                               does not need to explain good reading                      students before acquiring other skills. It 
                               process  that  is  comprehensive.  In                      is  needed  a  method  to  overcome  this 
                               addition, teacher uses preaching method.                   problem.  The  use  of  small  group 
                                     Second, using of preaching method.                   discussion is supposed to be alternative 
                               The using of appropriate method will be                    solution for the English teacher at grade 
                               influenced  of  students’  achievement  in                 eight students of SMP Negeri 3 Bantul 
                               learning. Preaching method emphasizes                      in teaching reading comprehension. 
                               of  listening  process,  so  students  are                       Based on the backgrounds of study 
                               passive and teacher are more active in                     above, so the research question can be 
                               teaching learning process.                                 formulated.  “Is  there  any  significant 
                                     Third, students have influence that                  difference       of      students’      reading 
                               brings  effect  of  achievement  in  their                 comprehension ability between students 
                               learning processes. It is widely believed                  who  are  taught  by  small  group 
                               that  students  bring  their  uniqueness.                  discussion method and students who are 
                               Each      individual       has     their    own            taught by preaching method?” 
                               characteristic,  talents,  interests,  and                  
                               different     family      background.       This           LITERATURE REVIEW 
                               uniqueness, students become one impact                      
                               of  the  important  factor  that  is  affected         1.  Small Group Discussion 
                               reading  comprehension  ability  in  this                      According  to  Djamarah  (2006:  73-
                               research.                                                  74)  small  group  discussion  is  learning 
                                     The  research  focuses  to  know  the                method that gives effect for students to 
                               effect of small group discussion method                    study  more  active  in  teaching  and 
                               in  teaching  reading  comprehension.  It                  learning  processes,  because  they  can 
                               can     help     teacher     to    limit    their          interact     with    their    friends.    It   is 
                               explanations        in    teaching      because            conducted by making a group to achieve 
                               students  more  active  in  a  group.  They                the  goals  of  learning  and  to  improve 
                               can  share  their  knowledge  about  the                   students’  outcome  in  learning.  It  also 
                               material     and  teacher  can  observe                    gives  a  technique  of  problem  solving, 
                               students’ activity while learning process.                 communication actively, restore of team 
                               Based  on  the  identification  of  the                    work,  and  increasing  of  students’ 
                               problems  above,  it  is  impossible  to                   participations       in    taking      decision. 
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...Small group discussion method in teaching reading comprehension eight grade students of smp n bantul academic year nurhadi ningsih english language education study program faculty teacher training and university pgri yogyakarta email ningsihnurhadi yahoo co id abstract the purpose this research is to find out whether there a significant difference ability between who are taught by preaching negeri was quasi experimental design nonequivalent pre test post control population all class viii sample as b analysis techniques used t with data collection result shows that both classes it can be seen from mean score higher than proved hypothesis testing through independent samples value lower...

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