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Aldehydes and Ketones • Structure • Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones • Properties • Chemical reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • Keto – enol Tautomerism COMMISSIONERATE OF COLLEGIATE EDUCATION Government of Andhra Pradesh Kinds of Carbonyl Compounds • X = H then aldehyde • X = R then ketone • X = OH then carboxylic acids • X = Cl then acid chloride • X = OR then ester (cyclic esters = lactones) • X = OCOR then acid anhydride • X = N then amide (cyclic amides = lactams) COMMISSIONERATE OF COLLEGIATE EDUCATION Government of Andhra Pradesh Nomenclature of Aldehydes COMMISSIONERATE OF COLLEGIATE EDUCATION Government of Andhra Pradesh Nomenclature of Ketones The carbonyl is assumed to be at the 1-position in cyclic ketones: COMMISSIONERATE OF COLLEGIATE EDUCATION Government of Andhra Pradesh Industrial Importance of Carbonyl Compounds • Acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are important solvents. • Formaldehyde used in polymers like Bakelite. • Flavorings and additives like vanilla, cinnamon, artificial butter. COMMISSIONERATE OF COLLEGIATE EDUCATION Government of Andhra Pradesh
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