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Objectives of Chapter 2 The goal of this chapter is to describe the underlying physical concepts related to the structure of matter. To examine the relationships between structure of atoms-bonds-properties of engineering materials. Learn about different levels of structure i.e. atomic structure, nanostructure, microstructure, and macrostructure. 2 2 Chapter Outline 2.1 The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance 2.2 The Structure of the Atom 2.3 The Electronic Structure of the Atom 2.4 The Periodic Table 2.5 Atomic Bonding 2.6 Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing 3 3 Section 2.1 The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance Nanotechnology Micro-electro- mechanical (MEMS) systems-Airbag sensors Nanostructures Figure 2.1 4 4 Table 2.1 Levels of Structure Level of Structure Example of Technologies Atomic Structure Diamond – edge of cutting tools Atomic Arrangements: Lead-zirconium-titanate Long-Range Order [Pb(Zrx Ti1-x )] or PZT – (LRO) gas igniters Atomic Arrangements: Amorphous silica - fiber Short-Range Order optical communications (SRO) industry Figures 2.2 – 2.4 5 5 Table 2.1 (Continued) Level of Structure Example of Technologies Nanostructure Nano-sized particles of iron oxide – ferrofluids Microstructure Mechanical strength of metals and alloys Macrostructure Paints for automobiles for corrosion resistance Figures 2.5 – 2.7 6 6
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