Introduction/Significance
                 •      Story Time! (Caithness Coastline) 1
                 •      As nonrenewable resources diminish, the need for renewable 
                        resources increases rapidly
                 •      Wind Production became very popular
                 How can we use the vast oceans and the power it produces?
                                            Underwater Wind Turbines!  
                 1.      (2011). A Rising Tide? Marine Energy in Scotland.
                                                                                                                                        Live Science
                                                                                                                                        http://www.livescience.com/47188-ocean-turbines-renewable-
                                                                                                                                        energy.html
     Current State of the Technology
       •  US Department of Energy is working on 100 foot wingspan 
          turbines that provide enough energy to power 13,500 American
          homes 24/71
       •  Steel monopiles add support to newer underwater wind turbines 2
       •  IPMC harvesters attached to the turbine blades3
       1.Lewis, By Tanya. Underwater Ocean Turbines: A New Spin on Clean Energy?
       2.Brown, Jeff L. (2001) Monopiles Provide Key to Capturing Ocean Energy.
       3. Cellini, Filippo, et al. (2014) . Underwater Energy Harvesting from a Turbine Hosting Ionic Polymer Metal 
       Composites.
                                                              Ecopedia
                                                              http://ecopedia.com/wp-
                                                              content/uploads/2013/03/Screen-shot-2013-
                                                              03-02-at-12.12.38-PM.png
       Current Challenges
          •   Concerns of clustered turbines impeding ocean currents 1
          •   Effects of cables and electric currents on the surrounding 
              ecosystems 2
          •   Intense corrosion and marine growth resistance required 3
          •   High maintenance costs and low reliability =                                   
                                                    high risk 3
    1. Lewis,  Tanya. Underwater Ocean Turbines: A New Spin on Clean Energy?
    2. Ouhmalman, Marcus C. (2007). Offshore Windmills and the effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Fish.
    3. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Ocean Current Energy.                       The Guardian
                                                                                      https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-
                                                                                      images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2009
     Future Improvements
       •  Can be built stronger and deeper into the ocean for better 
          efficiency 1
       •  River current energy conversion systems2
       •  Models can be used to accurately predict the results3
         1. Brookes, Kate, and Paul Thompson. (2014). Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms.
         2. Khan, M. J., M. T. Iqbal, and J. E. Quaicoe. River Current Energy Conversion Systems: Progress, Prospects 
         and Challenges
         3. Cellini, Filippo, et al. (2014) Underwater Energy Harvesting from a Turbine Hosting Ionic Polymer Metal 
         Composites