222x Filetype PPTX File size 0.08 MB Source: www.pottstownschools.org
There are several types of writing you may be asked to do in the Keystone Exams. ◦Descriptive writing uses specific details to create pictures for the reader to “see.” ◦Expository or informational (non-fiction) writing is used to explain or inform. This includes “how-to” information, facts, ideas and statistics. The Keystones will place emphasis on reading and evaluation of this type of writing. Paragraphs MUST be in a logical order! This is the kind of writing that is included on essay tests. ◦Narrative writing tells a story and is usually written in a chronological order of events. ◦Persuasive writing expresses the writer’s opinion or issues a call to action – reader is expected to do something! PERSUASION OR ARGUMENTATION: ◦Three types of appeals may be used to gain results Appeal to the mind – logical arguments Reasons are supported by evidence! Use data that can be proven or statements by authorities Appeal to the heart – emotional arguments Be careful of the words you use! A leader with bold vision? OR a leader with reckless unproved ideas? Appeal to ethics – ethical arguments Targets the readers sense of right and wrong Objective is to use argument to gain reader’s trust. Uses words like truth, fairness, liberty … Often “demonizes” the opposition or is used for the unusual viewpoint such as a tobacco exec who speaks out against smoking. ◦How a persuasion essay is constructed Opening paragraph or introduction SUBJECT AND PURPOSE MUST BE STATED BRIEFLY, CLEARLY AND STRONGLY. Grabs the attention of the reader – WOW factor Used as transition into the remainder of the essay (the bridge) WOW + SUBJECT + PURPOSE Middle paragraphs are support paragraphs ONLY THREE ARGUMENTS NECESSARY IN A FIVE-PARAGRAPH PAPER! Arguments are arranged in a logical order – only essential ideas are presented! Counterargument essential!! The strongest argument is presented in the fourth paragraph!! Develop the arguments with memorable details Transition words (furthermore, therefore, in addition …) are used as bridges between arguments. ◦ TRANSITION + REASON (weakest, then stronger, then strongest) + PERSONAL OR ILLUSTRATION + COUNTERARGUMENT Concluding Paragraph Ties together all of the arguments RESTATE THE POSITION OF THE WRITER AND REITERATE REASONS FOR IT! Make a strong impression Be sure that the reader knows what he/she is to do with the arguments presented – issue a call to action! ◦ TRANSITION + RESTATED POSITION AND REASONS + CALL TO ACTION. Tips for Persuasive Writers ◦BRAINSTORMING IS VITAL!!!! Brainstorm both your arguments and those of your opponent. Do your research – the more you know of the opposing view, the more effective will be your arguments against it. ◦BE SPECIFIC!!! “We should tear down the house because it is good idea.” OR “We should tear down the house because it is an eyesore and a fire hazard.”
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