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picture1_Ppt In Chemistry 72280 | 4550 15lecture1


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File: Ppt In Chemistry 72280 | 4550 15lecture1
plan of the course the geochemical toolbox o thermodynamics o kinetics o aquatic systems o trace elements magmatic systems o isotopes radiogenic stable the big picture cosmochemistry o formation of ...

icon picture PPTX Filetype Power Point PPTX | Posted on 31 Aug 2022 | 3 years ago
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                 Plan of the Course
      •  The Geochemical Toolbox
          o Thermodynamics
          o Kinetics
          o Aquatic systems
          o Trace elements & magmatic systems
          o Isotopes
              • Radiogenic
              • Stable
      •  The Big Picture: Cosmochemistry
          o Formation of the elements
          o Formation of the Earth and the Solar System
      •  Chemistry of the Earth
                               Other Info
   Text: White: Geochemistry, Wiley-Blackwell,  •   Grading: 40% Problem 
   ISBN 978-0-470-65668-6                           Sets (6 to 8),20% 
                                                    Prelim, 40% Final 
                                                    Exam
                                                •   http
                                                    ://www.geo.cornell.ed
                                                    u/geology/classes/geo
                                                    455/EAS455.
                                                    html
                                                •   Office: 4112 Snee
                                                •   Office Hours: no 
                                                    formal office hours – 
                                                    drop by anytime.
                     Thermodynamics
      •   Thermodynamics is the study of energy & its 
          transformations.
           o Chemical changes involve energy; by “following the energy”, we can 
              predict the ‘equilibrium’ state of a system and therefore the outcome of 
              reactions.
                • For example, we can predict the minerals that will crystallize from a 
                  cooling magma.
                • We can predict that as the concentration of atmospheric CO  
                                                                                 2
                  increases, so does that of the ocean and the calcium carbonate shells 
                  of oysters and skeletons of corals will become more soluble.
                    o (This at first seems counter-intuitive, and has to do with a 
                       decrease in ocean pH).
      •   Thermodynamics uses a macroscopic approach.
           o We can use it without knowledge of atoms or molecules.
           o We will occasionally consider the microscopic viewpoint using statistical 
              mechanics when our understanding can be enhanced by doing so.
             Thermodynamics and 
                                   Kinetics
      •  The equilibrium state of a system is independent of 
         any previous state. So, for example, if we do a partial 
         melting experiment with rock, it should not matter if 
         we start with a solid and partially melt it or with a melt 
         and partially crystallize it, or whether we partially 
         dissolve calcium carbonate or partially precipitate it.
      •  Kinetics is the study of rates and mechanisms of 
         reaction. Kinetics concerns itself with the pathway to 
         equilibrium; thermodynamics does not. Very often, 
         equilibrium in the Earth is not achieved, or achieved 
         only very slowly, which naturally limits the usefulness 
         of thermodynamics. 
                  ‘The System’
     Four Kinds of Systems     • A thermodynamic 
                                 system is the part of 
                                 the universe we are 
                                 considering. 
                                 Everything else is 
                                 referred to as the 
                                 surroundings. 
                                  o We are free to define the 
                                    ‘system’ anyway we chose. 
                                    However, how we define it 
                                    may determine whether we 
                                    can successfully apply 
                                    thermodynamics.
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...Plan of the course geochemical toolbox o thermodynamics kinetics aquatic systems trace elements magmatic isotopes radiogenic stable big picture cosmochemistry formation earth and solar system chemistry other info text white geochemistry wiley blackwell grading problem isbn sets to prelim final exam http www geo cornell ed u geology classes eas html office snee hours no formal drop by anytime is study energy its transformations chemical changes involve following we can predict equilibrium state a therefore outcome reactions for example minerals that will crystallize from cooling magma as concentration atmospheric co increases so does ocean calcium carbonate shells oysters skeletons corals become more soluble this at first seems counter intuitive has do with decrease in ph uses macroscopic approach use it without knowledge atoms or molecules occasionally consider microscopic viewpoint using statistical mechanics when our understanding be enhanced doing independent any previous if partial...

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