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• Definition: • Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops & improves upon methods for strong, retrieving & analyzing biological data. • Biological data Biotechnological data COMPUER TOOLS • Bioinformatics has become the magic world today. • It has been described as the future of life sciences. • The biological research is rapidly becoming data driven. • Relationship & converting massive volumes of complex biological data into useful information (computer processing of biological output). • Term Bioinformatics was invented by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in 1970 as "the study of informatic processes in biotic systems". • The NCBI (The National Center For Biotechnology Information) defines the bioinformatics as….. • It is a field of science in which biology, computer science & information technology merge into a single discipline. • At the beginning of genomic revolution, the main concern of bioinformatics was creation & maintenance of a database to store the biological information. • Development of this type of database involved not only design issues but the development of as interface whereby researchers could access existing data as well as submit or revised data. • The fundamental reason that the bioinformatics gained importance as a discipline was the advancement of genomic studies (genomic sequences). • This generates enormous genomic sequence information (data). • This demands for efficient computational tools to manage & analyze the data. • By merging all these disciplines created an information- oriented field in biology i.e. bioinformatics. • The genome sequencing projects produced enormous amount of data. • Now it is the greatest challenge before molecular biologists to make sense of his generated data. • Genome • DNA……. Genes……Chromosomes…..Nucleus of the Cell. • Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. • DAN----------RNA-----------PROTEINS (Transcription) • Three central biological processes around which bioinformatics tool must be developed. • 1. DNA sequence which determines protein sequence. • 2. Protein sequence which determines protein structure. • Protein structure which determines function. Scope: • Development of computational tools & databases & application of these tools, databases for better understanding biological processes. • These tools are used in three areas of genomic & molecular biological research. • Molecular sequence analysis • Molecular structural analysis • Molecular functional analysis.
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