169x Filetype PPTX File size 0.09 MB Source: uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
The central paradigm of clinical pharmacology: The dose-concentration-effect relationship Efficacy Dose concentration pharmacokinetics Toxicity Pharmacodynamic Introduction • Pharmacokinetics describes the time course of a drug in a body fluid, preferably plasma or blood, that results from the administration of a certain dosage regimen. • It comprises all processes affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. • Simplified, pharmacokinetics characterizes what the body does to the drug. • In contrast, pharmacodynamic characterizes the intensity of a drug effect or toxicity resulting from certain drug concentration in a body fluid, usually at the assumed site of drug action. It can be simplified to what the drug does to the body Protein bound drug Tissue bound drug Drug Absorption Distribution s Plasma concentration Tissue concentration c t e n i k Elimination o c a m r a Drug bound h Metabolism Drug in effect to P Excretion compartment Receptor/ effector s c i Post-receptor m events a n y biochemical d o events c a Pharmacological m r response a h P • General pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles are to a large extent equally applicable to protein and peptide drugs as they are to traditional small molecule-based therapeutics. • Deviations from some of these principles and additional challenges with regard to the characterization of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide and protein therapeutics, however, arise from some of their specific properties:
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