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• Metagenomics • Whole-genome shotgun sequencing • Environmental metagenomics • Human microbiome –Precision medicine • Conclusion Metagenomics • Environmental genomics. • DNA analysis without lab-based cultivation. • Better understanding of community-based microbial biology, ecology, and evolution. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Venter et al. (2004) • 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence. – Gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms. – At least 1.800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness. – At least 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. – Over 1.2 million previously unknown genes . • Quantitative picture. • Limitations. – Well-conserved regions may assemble across species. – Closely related organisms may contain stretches of high similarity that co-assemble. – At lower coverage less statistical support for the scaffolds. – Sequencing cost. Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Venter et al. (2004) • 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence. – Gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms. – At least 1.800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness. – At least 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. – Over 1.2 million previously unknown genes . • Quantitative picture. • Limitations. – Well-conserved regions may assemble across species. – Closely related organisms may contain stretches of high similarity that co-assemble. – At lower coverage less statistical support for the scaffolds. – Sequencing cost.
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