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Chapter 13
Transport and Communications
Introduction backbone of the economy. About 63% of our
Transport and Communications sector plays a population lives in villages, the topography of the
significant role in the socio-economic development region which consist upon hilly mountainous areas,
of the country. An efficient transport system with far flung agriculture lands and the productive
modern infrastructure is considered an economic resources are scattered all over the country. Roads
factor of production. The most common modes of provide easy and efficient means of transportation.
transportation are: Roads and highways, Railways, The total road-network in Pakistan is about 263,415
Rivers, Canals, Seaports, and Aviation. The kms. consists of 9,324 kms. (3.53%) of National
communication system plays an important role in Highways and 2,280 kms of Motorways (0.87%).
cultural development and making knowledge based Strategic roads and Expressways contribute 262 kms
society. People to people contact through modern and 100 kms respectively i.e. (0.10%). The rest of
communication ways have emerged as a significant the road network contains provincial highways and
tool for awareness of the masses. In Pakistan, the the roads under respective local administration e.g.
transport system broadly consists of roads, railways, Cantonment Boards, Municipal Corporations, Local
air transport and ports & shipping services. Development Authorities, etc.
13.1 Road Transport About 40.9% of total roads lie in the province of
Roads are the most important segment of Punjab, followed by 30.9% in Sindh, 16.3% in
infrastructure in any developing country. The rapid Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 11.3 % in Balochistan.
development and economic well being is dependent Azad Jammu and Kashmir, being mostly hilly area,
on the road networks. The road network in Pakistan shows a small proportion of just 0.6%, of road
carries over 96 percent of inland freight and 92 network. Following table shows the details of Roads
percent of passenger traffic and are undoubtedly the in Pakistan.
Table 13.1: Estimated Length of Roads in Provinces (kms)
Years Category Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan GB & TOTAL
AJK
2007-08 Total 104,115 80,863 42,369 29,451 1,552 258,350
Low Type 33,864 26,301 13,781 9,579 505 84,030
High Type 70,251 54,562 28,588 19,872 1,047 174,320
2008-09 Total 104,114 80,863 42,369 29,452 1,552 258,350
Low Type 32,949 25,591 13,409 9,321 491 81,761
High Type 71,165 55,272 28,960 20,131 1,061 176,589
2009-10 Total 105,085 81,618 42,765 29,727 1,565 260,760
Low Type 32,179 24,993 13,095 9,103 480 79,850
High Type 72,906 56,625 29,670 20,624 1,085 180,910
2010-11 Total 105,253 80,625 42,550 29,500 1,535 259,463
Low Type 32,147 24,000 13,000 9,000 450 78,597
High Type 73,106 56,625 29,550 20,500 1,085 180,866
2011-12 Total 106,455 80,960 42,975 29,625 1,580 261,595
Low Type 32,590 24,335 13,140 9,125 465 79,655
High Type 73,865 56,625 29,835 20,500 1,115 181,940
2012-13 Total 107,805 81,385 42,980 29,655 1,590 263,415
Low Type 33,090 24,685 13,140 9,130 470 80,515
High Type 74,715 56,700 29,840 20,525 1,120 182,900
Source: National Transport Research Centre (NTRC)
Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13
168
National Highway Authority progress has been achieved. Five projects having
Transport sector in general and road infrastructure in length of 585 kms have achieved 70% progress in
particular has profound and enduring effect on the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad
economic growth of Pakistan. NHA is contributing a Jammu & Kashmir. Two projects in Balochistan
vital role in improving the quality of Pakistan’s road having length of 298 kms have achieved more than
network which entails in improving the quality and 70% progress and will be completed in next few
standard of life of the population. months.
Pakistan is virtually bisected into two halves by Completed Projects
River Indus. Eastern segment is historically well Some major completed projects include the
developed. To bring the Western segment at par with following:
the Eastern, NHA is improving East-West 1. 6 Interchanges on Inner Ring Road Multan
connectivity through construction of numerous 2. 4-lane Underpass at Wah Gate, Texila
bridges across river Indus and also across rivers 3. Multan – Muzaffargarh (N-70, ADB Assisted)
Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. 4. Larkana-Naudero-Lakhi Road
The present NHA network comprises of 33 national 5. Sakrand-Benazirabad Dual Carriageway
highways, motorways, expressways, strategic roads. 6. Hyderabad – Badin Road to Mir Wah Sanjar
Current length of this network is 12131 kms. NHA Chang Road
7. Ghazi and Chuch Interchanges on Motorway (M-1)
existing portfolio consists of 79 development 8. Pleri-Gabd Section of Makran Coastal Highway
projects costing Rs 557 billion. GoP allocated Rs. 9. Hub-Uthal Section of National Highway (N-25)
50.7 billion for NHA’s development projects in
PSDP 2012-13. The amount included Rs. 26.1 During the last five years, NHA has constructed 610
billion foreign currency and Rs. 24.6 billion in local kms roads all over the country. Province-wise break-
currency components. up is as follows:
Ongoing Projects S. No. Province Kms
1. Punjab 109
Some significant ongoing projects are: 2. Sindh 148
3. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 145
1. Faisalabad –Khanewal – Multan Motorway (M-4) 4. Balochistan 208
2. Sehwan-Ratodero Additional Carriageway (N-55) Total 610
3. Sukkur-Shikarpur-Jacobabad (N-65) NHA has completed 8 major river bridges during the
4. Qila Saifullah – Zhob (N-50) last five years. Five major bridges on river Indus and
one each on rivers Ravi and Chenab are ongoing and
5. Peshawar Northern Bypass (E-2) five bridges are also planned to be constructed in
6. Khushalgarh Bridge (N-80) near future.
7. Qazi – Amri Bridge across River Indus NHA has already constructed three segments of
Trans-Pakistan Motorway network viz M-1
Four projects having length of 138 kms are ongoing (Peshawar-Islamabad), M-2 (Islamabad-Lahore) and
in Punjab that have achieved more than 70% M-3 (Pindi Bhattian-Faisalabad) on a virgin corridor
progress. Similarly, four projects of 165 kms length bringing remote areas on mainline and boosting
are also ongoing in Sindh for which more than 70% economic activities. NHA is now constructing M-4
(Faisalabad-Khanewal-Multan).
Box Item No.1
Provision of Transport Facilitation in Provinces
Punjab:
The vision for Punjab road sector aims at upgrading, augmenting and maintaining a modern road network in the
province under most cost-effective, optimal and efficient development and management regimes. Sectoral priorities
have been identified for Punjab road sector.
In Federal PSDP 2012-13 an allocation of Rs.35.6 billion has been made for roads and bridges sector; out of which an
Transport and Communications 169
allocation of Rs.26.22 billion has been made for on-going projects and balance of Rs.9.4 billion for new projects. One
major new initiative is for “Construction of Lahore Ring Road (Southern Loop)” on BOT mode.
Metrobus at Lahore
To provide safe, efficient and comfortable urban transportation system in major cities of Punjab; Government of the
Punjab has established Punjab Metrobus Authority (PMA) for construction, operation and maintenance of mass transit
system with the technical support of M/s Ulasim a Turkish based Company. The Metrobus System Line-1 from
Gajjumata to Shahdara, in Lahore, is the first initiative of PMA. Metro Bus Service has been started from February
2013 which facilitate the passengers on 27 stations. The project cost is Rs.30 billion, 45 articulated buses are running on
the 27 kms long corridor starting from Gajjumata to Shahadra. About 1500 persons got direct jobs and 1,20,000
passenger are using Metrobuses every day.
Sindh:
Revival of Karachi Circular Railway
Karachi Circular Railway (KCR) was proposed in the first Master Plan of Karachi prepared in 1952. KCR was opened
for passengers in the year 1964. The planning, construction, funding and subsequent operation was undertaken by the
Pakistan Railway. It was highly patronized and at its peak in 1984, 104 trains were running per day when the population
of Karachi was around 4.0 Million. However, due to lack of investment, infrastructure facilities i.e. tracks, signaling
system, locomotives & coaches deteriorated thereby marginalizing its operating efficiency causing reduction in the rider
ship and simultaneous reduction in the number of trains. Eventually, KCR was closed for traffic in December 1999
when only two trains were operating.
At present with the increasing population, Karachi city does not have a Mass Transit System which is causing enormous
problems to the commuters. Government of Pakistan along with taking other steps also decided to revive Karachi
Circular Railway comprising of 50 Kms track as a modern commuter system. ECNEC approved the project in August
2012 at a revised cost of US$ 2609 million. All the Social, Environmental and Engineering studies / requirements as per
guidelines of JICA, World Bank and Asian Development Bank for negotiation of loan have been completed. JICA will
provide Soft Term Loan at a markup of 0.2% repayable in 40 years including 10 years grace period for the entire
project. Ministry of Railways is the executing agency. The project will start from November 2013 and will be
completed by December 2017. A compensation plan for the project affected persons has also been prepared.
In Federal PSDP 2012-13 an allocation of Rs.16 billion has been made for T&C sector; out of which 80% will be
utilized on on-going projects and 20% on new projects. One of the major new initiatives is “Construction of
Nawabshah–Sanghar road (61 kms)”.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:
In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Transport Department has taken certain foremost steps for safe, affordable, comfortable and
environment friendly transportation services in the province. Following is a brief description:
1. As a special initiative Feasibility Study on Mass Transit System for Peshawar under Technical Assistance (TA)
of Asian Development Bank (ADB) worth of US $ 372,000/- has been approved, TORs has been prepared,
hiring of international consultant/experts is under process and expectedly, the team will start its work in July
2013 and the study report is expected by December 2013.
2. Two stroke rickshaws are banned along with the ban on fresh registration of the rickshaws.
3. Pakistan Railways has been approached for providing details/modalities for track access policy to utilize
existing railway track for mass transit in Peshawar.
4. Strengthening of international mobility between Pakistan and Afghanistan, numbers of route permits are
steadily enhanced from 06 to 13 for ensuring better public transport service provision between the two states.
5. Vehicular Emission Testing Station (VETS), a self-sustainable unit, has been strengthened and its offices in
three more districts i.e. D. I. Khan, Abbottabad and Mardan have also been replicated for a cleaner
environment. From July 2009 to December 2013 VETS has checked 144,882 vehicles in the province.
In Federal PSDP 2012-13 an allocation of Rs.10.7 billion has been made for road sector; out of which Rs. 9.0
billion has been made for on-going projects & Rs 1.7 billion for new projects. Major new initiatives are:
` Dualization of Charsadda–Tangi Road i/c Utmanzai Bypass District Charsadda (23 kms)
` Dualization of Mardan
–Charsadda Road i/c Dargai Bypass and Rehabilitation of existing dual carriage way to
Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13
170
Charsadda City “Phase-II (14.5 kms)
` Dualization of Haripur–Hattar–Farooqia Section of S-1 (22 kms)
Balochistan:
The government of Balochistan has earmarked funds in Transport and Communication Sector during last few years
keeping in view the long distances and scattered locations of population of the province. The main theme is to raise road
density of Balochistan to 0.25 km /Sqkm i.e. to bring it to a respective land mark.
In Balochistan 159 new schemes tentatively costing Rs.11.3 million alongwith carry forwarded 162 on-going schemes
i.e. total 321 schemes have been included in PSDP 2012-13 for which an allocation of Rs.9650.714 million has been
made. Among total of 321 schemes 173 schemes are expected to be completed in current financial year 2012-13.
Expectedly rest of 148 schemes will be placed in PSDP 2013-14 as on-going schemes. Following table highlights a
brief description of progress in Road Sector from 2008-09 to 2012-13 in Balochistan Province.
Year No. of Schemes Completed Allocation Achievements
Schemes Rs. in Million (Black Top) kms
2008-09 223 122 5134.000 1159
2009-10 257 74 5851.000 1380
2010-11 320 160 9069.000 1541
2011-12 279 170 8866.000 2000
2012-13
July-March 321 173 9650.714 2100
Box Item No.2
Transport and Logistics Sector in Pakistan
Government of Pakistan has accorded the high priorities to Transport and Logistic (T&L) Sector. The T&L Sector is
required to be improved by modernizing through a continuous process of reforms supported by focused investments.
The overarching objectives are to bring down the costs of doing business by improving various sub-sectors of Transport
and Logistics. An allocation of funds about 23% of the total Public Sector Development Programme 2012-13 has been
provided to the Transport and Logistic Sector of the country. However, more investment is required to develop this
sector not only for the higher development but also for the improvement of regional connectivity and prosperity with
the neighbouring countries. In addition to public investment and reforms efforts need to be made to promote PPPs and
leverage higher investment from the private sector to accelerate growth in the shortest possible time. Frame work for
Economic Growth emphasizes participation of private sector / PPP in T&L as growth-driver having an open market.
This will further enhance productivity, competitiveness, efficiency, innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy.
National Transport Policy
Ministry of Communications has prepared a draft National Transport Policy (NTP) in consultation with all stakeholders.
The policy covers all modes of transport; roads, railways, ports & shipping and aviation. This policy is under review
within the ambit of “National Transport Corridor Improvement Program (NTCIP)”. The broad objectives of the draft
NTP is to provide safe, reliable, effective, efficient, affordable, accessible, sustainable and fully integrated transport
system that will meet the needs of freight and passenger mobility requirements, improved service in a cost effective way
that supports government’s goal of increasing public welfare through economic growth, social improvement, poverty
reduction and infrastructure development while being environmentally, economically sustainable and energy efficient.
Following table shows the PSDP allocations made during the last two years in priority areas of Transport and Logistic
Sector:
Transport and Logistics – PSDP Allocation and Utilization 2011-12 and 2012-13 (Rs. Million)
Executing Agency 2011-12 2012-13
Allocation Estimated Expenditure % Allocation
Expenditure of Allocation
National Highway Authority (NHA) 39,900 68,808 172 50,727
Pakistan Railways 15,000 20,950 140 22,877
M/o Ports & Shipping 727 27 4 325
M/o Communications 172 172 100 142
• National Transport Research Centre 4 4 100 0
(NTRC)
• Construction Technology Training 72 72 100 142
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