COMPANY LAW
   • The company law in India owes its origin to the English company law
   • Company law is that branch of law which deals exclusively with all 
    aspects relating to companies, such as incorporation of companies, 
    allotment of shares and share capital, membership in companies, 
    management and administration of companies, winding up of companies, 
    etc.
   • It governs companies.
            HISTORY OF INDIAN CORPORATE 
                                      LAW
   • The Joint stock companies Act, 1850
   • The Joint stock companies Act,1857
   • The Joint stock companies Act, 1860
   • The Indian Companies Act of 1913
   • The Companies Act of 1956
   • The Companies Act of 1956
                  COMPANIES ACT OF 2013
   • The companies Act 2013 is an Act of the Parliament of India company law 
    which regulates incorporation of a company, responsibilities of a 
    company, directors, dissolution of a company.
   • It replaced Company Act pf 1956.
   • 29 chapter
   • 470 section (currently 438) 
   • 7 schedules 
   • Earlier private companies maximum number of members were 50 and 
    now it will be 200.
   • 29 August 2013
                   JOINT  STOCK COMPANY 
   According to Haney “A joint stock company is an incorporated association, 
   which is an artificial person created by law, having separate entity, with a 
   perpetual succession and a common seal.”
   Meaning: Joint stock company is voluntary association of persons, formed 
   for the purpose of some business for profit, registered under the law, 
   having an independent legal entity, a distinctive name, common seal and 
   perpetual succession, with a joint stock  (common capital) contributed by 
   the members divisible into transferable shares of fixed denomination and 
   carrying limited liability.
                 FEATURES OF JOINT STOCK 
                                COMPANY:
   1. Voluntary Association
   2. Incorporated association
   3. Specific objective
   4. Artificial person created by law
   5. Not a citizen
   6. Separate property
   7. Perpetual succession or continuous existence
   8. Common seal