180x Filetype XLSX File size 0.08 MB Source: mn.gov
Sheet 1: Instructions and Benchmarks
Nonprofit Financial Health Analysis Worksheet: Instructions and Benchmarks | ||
The attached worksheet is a template for calculating a snapshot of a nonprofit's financial health, with a focus on liquidity. The instructions below explain, step-by-step, how to use the worksheet. | ||
INPUTS | Instructions | Row |
End of Current Fiscal Year | Enter the end date of the current fiscal year in cell C3 in MM/DD/YYYY format. The dates for previous years will then automatically populate in row 7. | Row 3 |
Unrestricted Revenue and Support | Enter the amount of unrestricted revenue for each year being analyzed. This amount can be found in the Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in your audited financial statements. Do not include revenue listed in the temporarily restricted column of the audit. | Row 9 |
Total Expenses | Enter the total expenses for each year being analyzed, as found in the audit's Statement of Activities (Income Statement). | Row 11 |
Individual Contributions Revenue | Enter the revenue from individual contributions for each year being analyzed. Include any income from Special Events. This information can be found on the Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 14 |
Foundation/Corporate Revenue | Enter the revenue from foundation and corporate contributions for each year being analyzed. This information can be found on the Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 16 |
Satisfaction of Restrictions | Enter the amount released from restriction for the year. This information can be found in the "unrestricted" column or section of the Statement of Activities (Income Statement). For purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that all revenue released from restriction originated from Foundation or Corporation grants. | Row 18 |
Government Funding | Enter the amount of revenue derived from government sources for each year being analyzed. This information can be found on the Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 20 |
Earned Income | Enter the amount of (non-government) earned income for each year being analyzed. This includes program fees, rental income, merchandise sales, and other sources of earned revenue. This information can be found on the Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 22 |
Other Income | Automatically populated; no data entry necessary. The formula in this row calcuates the difference between total unrestricted revenue in row 9 and what has been entered for all revenue sources in rows 14-22. | Row 24 |
Total Program Expense | Enter the total expenses for program services for each year being analyzed. This information can be found on the Statement of Functional Expenses or Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 27 |
Total Management and General Expense |
Enter the total management and general (i.e. administrative) expenses for each year being analyzed. This information can be found on the Statement of Functional Expenses or Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 29 |
Total Fundraising Expense | Enter the total expenses for fundraising (or development) for each year being analyzed. This information can be found on the Statement of Functional Expenses or Statement of Activities (Income Statement) in the audit. | Row 31 |
Unrestricted Net Assets | Enter the amount of unrestricted net assets from the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) in the audit. | Row 34 |
Board Designated Net Assets | Enter the amount of board designated funds, if they exist. This amount, which can be found in the audit's Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), is internally designated by the Board of Directors, not externally restricted by a funder. Because it is technically unrestricted, the amount will be listed as a sub-category of "unrestricted net assets." | Row 35 |
Fixed Assets | Enter the total amount of fixed assets, net of depreciation. Fixed assets are sometimes referred to as "capital assets" or "property, plant, and equipment." Do not include any fixed assets that are designated as temporarily restricted (this is unusual). Fixed assets are found in the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) with additional detail provided in the notes to the financial statements. | Row 36 |
Mortgages or other debt associated with fixed assets | Enter the total amount of mortgage debt (i.e. debt that is collateralized by a building or other fixed asset), including both current and non-current amounts. This information can be found in the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet); additional detail on debt composition can be found in the notes to the audited financial statements. | Row 38 |
Fixed Assets, Net of Related Debt | Automatically populated based on amounts in Rows 36 and 38. No data entry necessary. | Row 39 |
Available LUNA | Automatically populated based on the amounts in row 34-38. No data entry necessary. | Row 42 |
Total Annual Expenses ÷ 12 | Automatically populated based on the amounts in row 11. No data entry necessary. | Row 44 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Enter total amount of cash and cash equivalents as found (typically the first item) on the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet). This number should include all highly liquid and easily convertible investment products. | Row 47 |
Total Annual Expenses ÷ 12 | Automatically populated based on the amounts in row 11. No data entry necessary. | Row 49 |
Board Designated Reserves | Automatically populated based on the amount entered in row 35. No data entry necessary. | Row 53 |
Temporarily Restricted Net Assets | Enter total amount of temporarily restricted net assets. This information is found on the Statemet of Financial Position (Balance Sheet). | Row 54 |
Permanently Restricted Net Assets | Enter total amount of permanently restricted net assets, if applicable. This information is found on the Statemet of Financial Position (Balance Sheet). | Row 55 |
OUTPUTS | Benchmarks | Row |
Change in Unrestricted Net Assets or "Operating Surplus or (Deficit)" | Operating results are the key source of the accumulation or depletion of reserves. Surpluses increase reserves and allow for future flexibility and sustainability. Deficits deplete reserves and should be balanced by surpluses in prior or later years. Operating results can vary widely across organizations or across years, so it is important to note longer term trends. Any negative result or downward trend should be investigated further and analyzed to understand whether a change in operating results is being driven by operating revenues, expenses, or both. Multiple years of operating deficits can indicate that an organization’s deficit is "structural" and needs to be addressed strategically by raising additional revenue or reducing operating costs. | Row 12 |
Revenue Composition | These amounts represent the revenue received from individual donations, foundations/corporations, government sources, earned income, and other sources. While there are no specific benchmarks for revenue composition, an overreliance on one source of funding or funder could be a concern depending on the organization's business model. | Rows 15-25 |
Program Expense Percentage | While functional expense mix may vary based on organizational focus and life stage, watchdog organizations and funders prefer to see the program expense precentage at no less than 65% - 70%. However, organizations that are new or are in the midst of capital-acquiring or capacity-building initiatives often have program expense ratios below this threshold. [Source: BBB's Wise Giving Alliance] | Row 28 |
Management and General Expense Percentage | Management and general (adminstrative) expenses should generally account for 20% - 25% of total expenses, unless circumstances mentioned above requiring higher administrative costs apply. [source: BBB's Wise Giving Alliance] | Row 30 |
Fundraising Expense Percentage | Fundraising expenses should generally be 10% - 15% of overall expenses, unless the organization is in a growth phase and/or investing in its fundraising capacity. [Source: BBB's Wise Giving Alliance] | Row 32 |
LUNA: Liquid Unrestricted Net Assets | Liquid Unrestricted Net Assets (LUNA), or reserves, consists of that portion of an organization's unrestricted net assets balance that could be converted to cash relatively easily if necessary. LUNA equals unrestricted net assets minus board designated reserves and the equity portion of fixed assets. Subtracting these two amounts removes the portion of the unrestricted net assets balance that is tied up in a building, equipment, designated fund or other illiquid asset. Negative LUNA occurs either when the organization's unrestricted net asset balance is negative, or when the unrestricted net asset balance is smaller than the organization's net fixed assets. | Row 40 |
Months Covered By Liquid Reserves | Months of liquid reserves (i.e. months of LUNA) is calculated as a percentage of average monthly operating expenses. The months of LUNA measure shows the amount of reserves available to cover operating expenses, maintain assets, weather downturns, or pursue opportunities. Months of LUNA greater than 1.0 indicate an organization is able to meet operating expenses as well as have some reserves available for activities such as asset maintenance, rainy day funds and/or strategic opportunities. A benchmark often cited in the nonprofit sector is 3 to 6 months of operating reserves, with an upper limit of 36 months. If an organization has a negative LUNA balance it effectively has zero months of LUNA. | Row 45 |
Months of Cash on Hand | Months of cash on hand is an important measure of liquidity. The amount needed will vary based on how quickly an organization can convert receivables into cash, though a common benchmark utilized by lenders is a minimum of 3 months cash reserves. In the nonprofit sector, a more practical range of 1 to 3 months is often recommended. Organizations should think strategically about cash flow management and maintain rolling cash flow projections in order to predict and plan for potential cash flow issues. | Row 50 |
Board Designated Net Assets | Board designated net assets are a portion of unrestricted net assets set aside by the governing board for a specific programmatic initiative, infrastructure need, or other purpose. While these funds are available for use only at the discretion of the board, they may represent an additional resource that could serve the same goals as the above-mentioned LUNA. | Row 53 |
Temporarily Restricted Net Assets | Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to use for a particular purpose or within a particular timeframe according to donor intent. A high ratio of temporarily restricted net assets could indicate that the organization regularly receives multi-year grants, which is a common funding model. However, a high or increasing temporarily restricted net asset ratio may also indicate that the organization is having trouble satisfying grant restrictions from year to year. | Row 54 |
Permanently Restricted Net Assets | Permanently restricted net assets (often referred to as an "endowment") must be preserved in perpetuity, according to donor intent. In many cases, the interested earned on an endowment can be used to fund an organization's operating activities or a particular program and is therefore an important resource to consider when evaluating financial health. | Row 55 |
Please Note: This document is made available by Fiscal Management Associates, LLC (FMA), for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or professional advice. The information provided in this document is of a general nature and does not take into account your individual objectives, financial situation or needs. It should not be used, relied upon or treated as a substitute for specific professional advice. FMA recommends that you obtain your own independent professional advice before making any decision in relation to your particular requirements or circumstances. FMA does not warrant the accuracy, completeness or currency of the information provided on and made available through this document. By viewing or using this document, you acknowledge and agree that any reliance upon or use of any information made available through this document shall be entirely at your own risk. FMA shall not be liable for any loss or damage, whether direct or indirect, and however caused, to any person or organization arising from the use of (or reliance upon) information provided on and made available through this document. |
Nonprofit Financial Health Analysis | ||||||||
Organization Name: | Enter data into highlighted cells only |
|||||||
End of Current Fiscal Year: | MM/DD/YYYY | |||||||
1. Three Years Ago | 2. Two Years Ago | 3. Last Year (Actuals) | 4. Current Year (Budget) | |||||
Fiscal Year Ending: | ||||||||
Statement of Activities | Did your organization have an operating surplus or deficit? | |||||||
Unrestricted Revenue and Support | ||||||||
Less: | ||||||||
Total Expenses | ||||||||
Change in Unrestricted Net Assets or “Operating Surplus or (Deficit)” | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Statement of Activities | What was the mix of unrestricted revenue? | |||||||
Individual Contributions Revenue | ||||||||
Individual Contributions Revenue % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Foundation/Corporate Revenue | ||||||||
Plus: | ||||||||
Satisfaction of Restrictions | ||||||||
Foundation/Corporate Revenue % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Government Funding | ||||||||
Government Funding % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Earned Income | ||||||||
Earned Income % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Other Income (self calculating) | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||||
Other Income % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Statement of Functional Expenses | How are resources allocated across programs and supporting services? | |||||||
Total Program Expense | ||||||||
Program Expense % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Total Management and General Expense | ||||||||
Management and General Expense % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Total Fundraising Expense | ||||||||
Fundraising Expense % | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | ||||
Balance Sheet | How liquid are the organization’s reserves? | |||||||
Unrestricted Net Assets (A) | ||||||||
Board Designated Net Assets (B) | ||||||||
Fixed Assets, net of depreciation | ||||||||
Less: | ||||||||
Mortgages or other debt associated with fixed assets | ||||||||
Fixed Assets, net of related debt (C) | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
LUNA: Liquid Unrestricted Net Assets (A-B-C) | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
Income Statement and Balance Sheet | How many months of operations can be covered with liquid operating reserves? | |||||||
Available LUNA from above calcuation | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
Divided by Average Monthly Expenses: | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
Total Annual Expenses ÷ 12 | ||||||||
Months Covered by Liquid Reserves | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
How many months of operations can be covered with the available cash? | ||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ||||||||
Divided by Average Monthly Expenses: | $0 | $0 | $0 | |||||
Total Annual Expenses ÷ 12 | ||||||||
Months of Cash on Hand | #N/A | #N/A | #N/A | |||||
Balance Sheet | Additional Resources | |||||||
Board Designated Net Assets (aka Board Designated Reserves) | $0 | $0 | $0 | |||||
Temporarily Restricted Net Assets | ||||||||
Permanently Restricted Net Assets | ||||||||
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