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NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA) ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA) 1* 2 3 4 5 Rahayu Sulistiowati , Yulianto , Samsul Bakri , Maulana Mukhlis , AniAgus Puspawati 1Doctoral Student of Environmental Science, University of Lampung, Indonesia 2,3,4,5University of Lampung, Indonesia 1 2 3 rahayu.sulistiowati@fisip.unila.ac.id; yulianto@fisip.unila.ac.id; samsul.bakri@fp.unila.ac.id; 4 5 maulana.mukhlis@fisip.unila.ac.id; ani.aguspuspawati@fsip.unila.ac.id ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the development of eco-tourism in BrajaHarjosari village as a buffer village for the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) Lampung in the industrial era 4.0. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, literature review, and documentation. The results show that Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the development of eco-tourism villages in the TNWK buffer area, especially 8127 Braja Harjosari village in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, has utilized technology to build an eco-tourism market through digital marketing tourism, where efforts to promote and market an area or attraction tourism using digital media which includes the use of websites, social media, online advertising, marketing by electronic mail, online discussions and smartphone applications. However, the development of this eco-tourism village must pay attention to the rules and regulations that the government has set so as not to cause environmental problems, and sustainable tourism can be realized. Keywords: Eco-tourism, eco-tourism village development, revolution 4.0. sustainable tourism DOINumber:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 NeuroQuantology 2022; 20(8): 8127-8141 A. INTRODUCTION the contribution of the tourism sector to The United Nations World Tourism world GDP is 9%, 1 out of 11 jobs are created Organization (UNWTO) recognizes that the by the tourism sector, and the contribution tourism sector is a leading sector and is one to the value of world exports is USD 1.4 of the important keys to regional trillion or equivalent to 5% of exports that development and increasing welfare for the occur in the world (Singh et al., 2021). community. UNWTO data (2013) shows that eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA) Based on the National Long-Term factor for developing tourism-oriented to the Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025, all natural environment or what we know as development sectors in Indonesia must apply eco-tourism or ecological tourism, or it can the principles of sustainable development. In also be called eco-tourism. This fact is the the context of tourism, the paradigm of antithesis of tourism activities that have tourism development has evolved from mass developed so far, which are more supportive tourism to sustainable tourism. Based on the of the pattern of mass tourism (Beall et al., Quebec Declaration specifically states that 2021). eco-tourism is essentially a form of tourism Eco-tourism contains perspectives that adopts the principles of sustainable and dimensions that face the future of tourism (Abrianto et al., n.d). Based on the sustainable and environmentally friendly analysis of TIES, the growth of the eco- tourism. This arises because of the tendency tourism market ranges from 10-30% per and development of lifestyles and new year, while the overall growth of tourists is community awareness for a deeper only 4%. In 1998, the WTO estimated the appreciation of the values of relationships growth of eco-tourism at around 20%. The between humans and their natural growth rate in the Asia Pacific region ranged environment. In principle, eco-tourism is a from 10-25% in the mid-1990s (Wondirad, tourism trip responsible for environmental 2020). sustainability and the welfare of the local The emergence of tourism as one of community (Zheng et al., 2021). the fastest-growing industries has Over the past three decades, issues significantly contributed to the economic relating to the environment and sustainable growth of countries in the world. Tourism development have shifted from being has creatednew jobs, increased incomes, and marginal to being the focus of discussion and a trade balance. However, the development study. The expansion of social media and of the tourism industry often ignores social traditional media as a result of the industrial and environmental aspects and only pursues revolution 4.0 is one of the elements economic benefits (Manzoor et al., 2019). contributing to this transformation (Sharifi et Therefore, in this 4.0 revolution era, al., 2021). This element enhances sustainable tourism has become a very environmental consciousness, which is 8128 popular topic among experts and impacted by accounts of various ecological practitioners based on increasing public disasters, increased activity of interest awareness about the importance of groups focused on environmental problems, protecting nature and the environment for and increasingly strict national and economic sustainability and development international environmental laws and (Verma et al., 2022). regulations (Luo et al., 2021). Based on a report issued by the The development of ecotourism World Tourism Organization (WTO), nature correlates with the fourth industrial tourism has become an alternative tourism revolution, which is a major transformation activity and has developed in the tourism in human life and work processes, where world since the 1990s. With the tendency of advancements in information technology can global, regional, and national communities to be integrated into the digital world of life, return to nature, people’s interest in which can have an impact on scientific traveling to unspoiled places is getting bigger disciplines. The rise of industrial revolution (Saarinen, 2021). This interest is a driving 4.0 has far-reaching effects, even on nearly eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA) the entire human social order, and the 1. Eco-tourism ecotourism business is no exception (Abad- The concept of ecotourism has Segura et al., 2020). Therefore, eco-tourism periodically evolved. Ecotourism is a sort of activities require good governance to tourism that is responsible for preserving develop eco-tourism progress with the untouched places (natural resources), various challenges that exist while being able generating economic advantages, and to take advantage of technological advances safeguarding the cultural integrity of the for the realization of sustainable tourism local community. Ecotourism, based on this development that does not only pay concept, is a sort of conservation movement attention to the economic aspect but also carried out by the global population. These the socio-cultural aspects of the local ecotourists are by nature conservationists community as well as the (Fibrianto, 2021). environment/ecology (Wondirad et al., The Ecotourism Society was the first 2020). An active role in managing eco- to introduce the definition of ecotourism: tourism potential is important Ecotourism is a sort of tourism that involves becauseknowledge of nature and cultural visiting natural regions with the goal of potential has a selling point as an eco- conserving the environment and preserving tourism attraction. The development of eco- the local culture. Initially, ecotourism was tourism ultimately has a close relationship practiced by nature-loving tourists who, in with the community in ecological, social, and addition to preserving the culture and economic aspects (Thompson, 2022). welfare of the people, desired the tourist Based on the results of observations, destination to stay intact and sustainable documentation, and literature reviews, eco- (Mondino& Beery, 2019). tourism opportunities in the buffer villages It turns out, however, that this sort of the National Park are very wide open, but of ecotourism is expanding due to strong this has not been implemented properly in demand from tourists. The desire of tourists one of the buffer villages located on the to visit natural regions might stimulate border of the Way Kambas National Park economic activity. Then, ecotourism is area is BrajaHarjosari Village. BrajaHarjosari defined as follows: Ecotourism is a new form 8129 Village is a fostered village under the Tropical of environmentally responsible travel that Forest Conservation Action-Sumatra (TFCA- can stimulate the tourism sector (Yanes et Sumatra) program of the AleRT- University of al., 2019). Based on these two criteria, it is Lampung Consortium. This village has various clear that ecotourism has developed tourism potentials such as oyster mushroom significantly throughout the world. Several cultivation, crystal guava plantations places within the national park have been (Psidiumguajava), pier tourist attraction, successful in establishing this ecotourism BrajaSlebah traditional market, fire stove (Lasso &Dahles, 2021). center, traditional rice planting, and Balinese In fact, in some areas, a new idea has dances. This paper will describe how the developed related to the notion of eco- development of eco-tourism in tourism. In this type of tourism, the BrajaHarjosari village as a buffer village for phenomena of education is required. the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) According to the Australian Department of Lampung in the industrial era 4.0? Tourism, ecotourism is described as nature- based tourism that incorporates teaching B. LITERATURE REVIEW and interpretation of the natural eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA) environment and community culture, as well al., 2021). In addition to maintaining the as ecological sustainability management authenticity of an area (both natural and (Mondino& Beery, 2019). This definition traditional), sustainable tourism can also be highlights that the connected characteristics an alternative to increase the income of an are closer to special interest tourism, area (KC et al., 2021). alternative tourism, or special interest Chamdani defines sustainable tourism with natural tourist items and tourism development as an integrated and attractions than to business tourism and structured endeavor to improve the quality other forms of tourism (Soleimani et al., of life via the sustainable development, 2019). usage, and preservation of natural and cultural resources (Di Vaio&Varriale, 2020). 2. Sustainable Tourism Obviously, this is possible with a system of The World Commission for good governance that includes the active Environment and Development (WCED), the and balanced engagement of the world commission for environment and government, the business sector, and the development established by the United community. On this basis, sustainable Nations General Assembly, was the first to development is tied not only to present the notion of sustainable environmental challenges, but also to development. Sustainable tourism can be democracy, human rights, and other broader understood as a tourism development issues (Siakwah et al., 2020). process that prioritizes the conservation of Sustainable tourism is a concept in the resources necessary for future growth developing tourism in an area that provides (Liburd et al., 2020). The Sustainable Tourism many benefits and advantages from various Charter of Haryanto, Indonesia, from 1995 sides, including economic, environmental, emphasizes that tourism must be based on and social (Roxas et al., 2020). Sustainable sustainable criteria, the essence of which is tourism development involves ensuring that that long-term ecological development must future generations can enjoy the be supported and tourism must be environmental, social, and cultural resources economically viable and ethically and socially utilised in tourism development today fair to local communities (Zhang et al., 2022). (Chatkaewnapanon& Kelly, 2019). Thus, sustainable development is a According to Sunaryo, tourism comprehensive and systematic endeavor to development is a process of basic changes improve the quality of life through the carried out by humans in a planned manner sustainable regulation of the supply, in certain tourism conditions that are 8130 development, use, and upkeep of resources considered unfavorable, which are directed (De Jong et al., 2018). towards a certain tourism condition that is Mahdayani to realize sustainable considered better or desirable (Parani et al., tourism requires a sense of responsibility 2021). and does not cause damage to nature and Based on the explanation of the culture, and respects the customs of tourist notion of sustainable tourism, the authors destinations. Sustainable tourism is also seen state that sustainable tourism is a concept in as an alternative to increasing regional tourism development in the long term that income by optimizing the potential of still pays attention to the authenticity of an tourism areas and increasing the provision of area, be it nature, customs, or traditions of services around tourist areas (Eichelberger et the community and their customs, which eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
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