200x Filetype PDF File size 1.50 MB Source: www.csus.edu
PolarPolar CCovalentovalent Bonds:Bonds: ElectronegativityElectronegativity Covalent bonds can have ionic character These are polar covalent bonds Bonding electrons attracted more strongly by one atomatom thanthan byby thethe ootherther Electron distribution between atoms is not symmetrical BondBond PolarityPolarity andand ElectronegativityElectronegativity Symmetrical Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds C – C + - C – H C – O (non-polar) (polar) Electronegativity (EN): intrinsic ability of an atom to attractattract tthehe sharedshared electronselectrons inin aa ccovalentovalent bondbond Inductive Effect: shifting of sigma bonded electrons in resppyonse to nearby electroneggative atom TheThe PPeriodiceriodic TTableable andand ElectronegativityElectronegativity C – H C - Br and C - I ((non-pol)lar) ((pollar)) BondBond PolarityPolarity andand IInductivenductive EEffectffect Nonppolar Covalent Bonds: atoms with similar EN Polar Covalent Bonds: Difference in EN of atoms < 2 Ionic Bonds: Difference in EN > 2 C–H bonds, relatively nonpolar C-O, C-X bonds ((moremore electronegativeelectronegative elements)elements) aarere polarpolar Bonding electrons shift toward electronegative atom C acqqppuires partial positive chargge,, + Electronegative atom acquires partial negative charge, - Inductive effect: shifting of electrons in a bond in response to EN of nearby atoms
no reviews yet
Please Login to review.