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picture1_Day 2 Lecture


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File: Day 2 Lecture
polarpolar ccovalentovalent bonds bonds electronegativityelectronegativity covalent bonds can have ionic character these are polar covalent bonds bonding electrons attracted more strongly by one atomatom thanthan byby thethe ootherther electron distribution ...

icon picture PDF Filetype PDF | Posted on 07 Feb 2023 | 2 years ago
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       PolarPolar CCovalentovalent Bonds:Bonds: ElectronegativityElectronegativity
        Covalent bonds can have ionic character
        These are polar covalent bonds
           Bonding electrons attracted more strongly by one 
           atomatom thanthan byby thethe ootherther
           Electron distribution between atoms is not 
           symmetrical
             BondBond PolarityPolarity andand ElectronegativityElectronegativity
              Symmetrical Covalent Bonds         Polar Covalent Bonds
                        C – C                           +      -
                        C – H                          C – O
                      (non-polar)
                                                        (polar)
             Electronegativity (EN): intrinsic ability of an atom to 
               attractattract tthehe sharedshared electronselectrons inin aa ccovalentovalent bondbond
             Inductive Effect: shifting of sigma bonded electrons 
               in resppyonse to nearby electroneggative atom
       TheThe PPeriodiceriodic TTableable andand ElectronegativityElectronegativity
                      C – H                           C - Br and C - I
                     ((non-pol)lar)                              ((pollar))
     BondBond PolarityPolarity andand IInductivenductive EEffectffect
        Nonppolar Covalent Bonds: atoms with similar EN
        Polar Covalent Bonds: Difference in EN of atoms < 
        2
        Ionic Bonds: Difference in EN > 2
          C–H bonds, relatively nonpolar C-O, C-X bonds 
          ((moremore electronegativeelectronegative elements)elements) aarere polarpolar
        Bonding electrons shift toward electronegative atom
          C acqqppuires partial positive chargge,, +
          Electronegative atom acquires partial negative 
          charge, -
        Inductive effect: shifting of electrons in a bond in 
        response to EN of nearby atoms
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...Polarpolar ccovalentovalent bonds electronegativityelectronegativity covalent can have ionic character these are polar bonding electrons attracted more strongly by one atomatom thanthan byby thethe ootherther electron distribution between atoms is not symmetrical bondbond polaritypolarity andand c h o non electronegativity en intrinsic ability of an atom to attractattract tthehe sharedshared electronselectrons inin aa inductive effect shifting sigma bonded in resppyonse nearby electroneggative pperiodiceriodic ttableable br and i pol lar pollar iinductivenductive eeffectffect nonppolar with similar difference relatively nonpolar x moremore electronegativeelectronegative elements aarere shift toward electronegative acqqppuires partial positive chargge acquires negative charge a bond response...

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