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outer electron configurations notebook october 25 2009 classifying elements by group period and block outer electron configurations involves the electrons in the highest occupied energy level can also include electrons ...

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     Outer Electron Configurations.notebook                                     October 25, 2009
                   Classifying elements by group, period, and block
                   Outer electron configurations
                        ­    Involves the electrons in the highest occupied energy level
                        ­    Can also include electrons in the d and f sublevels under the
                             following conditions:
                             ­   The sublevel is incomplete
                                 OR
                             ­   The element is in the same period as the completed 
                                 sublevel.
                                             Oct 29­10:08 PM
                    Examples of outer electron configurations:
                               1                                       1
                    Na [Ne] 3s                 Outer electron config.  3s
                               2   5                                   2  5
                    Cl   [Ne] 3s  3p           Outer electron config.  3s  3p
                               2   7                                   2  7
                    Ni   [Ar] 4s  3d           Outer electron config.  4s  3d
                               2   7  1                                2  7   1
                    Gd [Xe] 6s  4f  5d         Outer electron config.  6s  4f  5d
                                2  14   10  4                          2  14  10   4
                    Po [Xe]  6s  4f  5d  6p    Outer electron config.  6s  4f  5d  6p
                    Most easily identified as the entries at the end of the noble gas 
                    configuration.
                                             Oct 29­10:18 PM
                                                                                                   1
     Outer Electron Configurations.notebook                                         October 25, 2009
                     What's so important about electrons in that part of the configuration?
                          ­    Electrons in the outer configuration are the furthest away
                               from the nucleus
                          ­    Most likely to be involved in chemical bonding
                          ­    Valence electrons
                               ­    From the outermost s and p sublevel
                               ­    The first electrons used in bonding
                                                Oct 29­10:29 PM
                     Patterns in the periodic table for outer electron configuration
                     Group 1
                                     Element             Outer Electron Configuration 
                                                                     1
                                       H                           1s  
                                                                     1
                                       Li                          2s  
                                                                     1
                                       Na                          3s  
                                                                     1
                                       K                           4s  
                                                                     1
                                       Rb                          5s  
                                                                     1
                                       Cs                          6s  
                                                                     1
                                       Fr                          7s  
                                                Oct 29­10:33 PM
                                                                                                        2
     Outer Electron Configurations.notebook                                           October 25, 2009
                      All group 1 elements have the same outer electron configuration pattern.
                                                           1
                                                         s
                                                        n
                               n = period number
                                                                         2
                      Likewise, all group 2 elements follow the pattern  s .
                                                                       n
                                                 Oct 29­10:41 PM
                     For the main group elements
                             Group Number           Name         Group Configuration 
                                                                          1
                                   1             Alkali Metals          ns  
                                                                          2
                                   2         Alkaline Earth Metals       s  
                                                                        n
                                                                        2   1
                                  13             Boron Family           s   p  
                                                                      n n
                                                                        2   2
                                  14            Carbon Family           s   p  
                                                                      n n
                                                                        2   3
                                  15            Nitrogen Family       ns  np  
                                                                        2   4
                                  16            Oxygen Family         ns  np  
                                                                        2   5
                                  17               Halogens             s   p  
                                                                      n n
                                                                        2   6
                                  18             Noble Gases            s   p  
                                                                      n n
                                                 Oct 29­10:47 PM
                                                                                                          3
     Outer Electron Configurations.notebook                                         October 25, 2009
                     Example
                                                         2  10   2
                     Given electron configuration [Kr] 5s  4d  5p  identify the following 
                     about the element:
                          ­    Period
                          ­    Block
                          ­    Group
                     Answer:
                          ­    Period corresponds to high occupied energy level     5
                          ­    Block:  Sublevel on final entry                      p
                                                                      2   2
                          ­    Group:  Outer configuration matches ns  np           14
                                                 Oct 30­9:11 PM
                     Example
                     Write the expected outer electron configuration for the element located 
                     at the following position on the periodic table:
                          Group 16, Period 4
                     Answer:
                                          2   4
                                        4s  4p
                          Notes:
                                                 2   4
                              ­    The pattern ns  np  matches group 16
                              ­    The 4 out front matches the period number
                                                 Oct 30­9:17 PM
                                                                                                        4
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...Outer electron configurations notebook october classifying elements by group period and block involves the electrons in highest occupied energy level can also include d f sublevels under following conditions sublevel is incomplete or element same as completed oct pm examples of na s config cl p ni gd po most easily identified entries at end noble gas configuration what so important about that part are furthest away from nucleus likely to be involved chemical bonding valence outermost first used patterns periodic table for h li k rb cs fr all have pattern n number likewise follow main name alkali metals ns alkaline earth boron family carbon nitrogen np oxygen halogens gases example given identify answer corresponds high on final entry matches write expected located position notes out front...

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