C
                                                                                                               	
  Programming	book	written	by	Brian	Kernighan	and	Dennis	Ritchie	This	article	is	about	the	book.	For	the	language	itself,	see	C	(programming	language).	The	C	Programming	Language	Cover	of	the	first	edition.AuthorBrian	KernighanDennis	RitchieLanguageEnglishSubjectC	programming	languagePublisherPrentice	HallPublication	date1978	(1st
  Edition)	1988	(2nd	Edition)ISBN9780131101630	The	C	Programming	Language	(sometimes	termed	K&R,	after	its	authors'	initials)	is	a	computer	programming	book	written	by	Brian	Kernighan	and	Dennis	Ritchie,	the	latter	of	whom	originally	designed	and	implemented	the	language,	as	well	as	co-designed	the	Unix	operating	system	with	which
  development	of	the	language	was	closely	intertwined.	The	book	was	central	to	the	development	and	popularization	of	the	C	programming	language	and	is	still	widely	read	and	used	today.	Because	the	book	was	co-authored	by	the	original	language	designer,	and	because	the	first	edition	of	the	book	served	for	many	years	as	the	de	facto	standard	for
  the	language,	the	book	was	regarded	by	many	to	be	the	authoritative	reference	on	C.[1][2]	History	C	was	created	by	Dennis	Ritchie	at	Bell	Labs	in	the	early	1970s	as	an	augmented	version	of	Ken	Thompson's	B.[3]	Another	Bell	Labs	employee,	Brian	Kernighan,	had	written	the	first	C	tutorial,[4]	and	he	persuaded	Ritchie	to	coauthor	a	book	on	the
  language.[5]	Kernighan	would	write	most	of	the	book's	"expository"	material,	and	Ritchie's	reference	manual	became	its	appendices.	The	first	edition,	published	February	22,	1978,	was	the	first	widely	available	book	on	the	C	programming	language.	Its	version	of	C	is	sometimes	termed	K&R	C	(after	the	book's	authors),	often	to	distinguish	this	early
  version	from	the	later	version	of	C	standardized	as	ANSI	C.[6]	In	April	1988,	the	second	edition	of	the	book	was	published,	updated	to	cover	the	changes	to	the	language	resulting	from	the	then-new	ANSI	C	standard,	particularly	with	the	inclusion	of	reference	material	on	standard	libraries.	The	second	edition	of	the	book	(and	as	of	2022,	the	most
  recent)	has	since	been	translated	into	over	20	languages.	In	2012,	an	eBook	version	of	the	second	edition	was	published	in	ePub,	Mobi,	and	PDF	formats.	ANSI	C,	first	standardized	in	1989	(as	ANSI	X3.159-1989),	has	since	undergone	several	revisions,	the	most	recent	of	which	is	ISO/IEC	9899:2018	(also	termed	C17	or	C18),	adopted	as	an	ANSI
  standard	in	June	2018.	However,	no	new	edition	of	The	C	Programming	Language	has	been	issued	to	cover	the	more	recent	standards.	Reception	Byte	magazine	stated	in	August	1983,	"[The	C	Programming	Language]	is	the	definitive	work	on	the	C	language.	Don't	read	any	further	until	you	have	this	book!"[1]	Jerry	Pournelle	wrote	in	the	magazine
  that	year	that	the	book	"is	still	the	standard	...	a	bit	terse".	He	continued,	"You	can	learn	the	C	language	without	getting	Kernighan	and	Ritchie,	but	that's	doing	it	the	hard	way.	You're	also	working	too	hard	if	you	make	it	the	only	book	on	C	that	you	buy."[7]	Influence	The	C	Programming	Language	has	often	been	cited	as	a	model	for	technical	writing,
  with	reviewers	describing	it	as	having	clear	presentation	and	concise	treatment.	Examples	generally	consist	of	complete	programs	of	the	type	one	is	likely	to	encounter	in	daily	use	of	the	language,	with	an	emphasis	on	system	programming.	Its	authors	said	We	have	tried	to	retain	the	brevity	of	the	first	edition.	C	is	not	a	big	language,	and	it	is	not	well
  served	by	a	big	book.	We	have	improved	the	exposition	of	critical	features,	such	as	pointers,	that	are	central	to	C	programming.	We	have	refined	the	original	examples,	and	have	added	new	examples	in	several	chapters.	For	instance,	the	treatment	of	complicated	declarations	is	augmented	by	programs	that	convert	declarations	into	words	and	vice
  versa.	As	before,	all	examples	have	been	tested	directly	from	the	text,	which	is	in	machine-readable	form.— preface	to	the	second	edition[8]	"Hello,	World!"	program	by	Brian	Kernighan	(1978)	The	book	introduced	the	"Hello,	World!"	program,	which	prints	only	the	text	"hello,	world",	as	an	illustration	of	a	minimal	working	C	program.	Since	then,
  many	texts	have	followed	that	convention	for	introducing	a	programming	language.	Before	the	advent	of	ANSI	C,	the	first	edition	of	the	text	served	as	the	de	facto	standard	of	the	language	for	writers	of	C	compilers.	With	the	standardization	of	ANSI	C,	the	authors	more	consciously	wrote	the	second	edition	for	programmers	rather	than	compiler
  writers,	saying	Appendix	A,	the	reference	manual,	is	not	the	standard,	but	our	attempt	to	convey	the	essentials	of	the	standard	in	a	smaller	space.	It	is	meant	for	easy	comprehension	by	programmers,	but	not	as	a	definition	for	compiler	writers—that	role	properly	belongs	to	the	standard	itself.	Appendix	B	is	a	summary	of	the	facilities	of	the	standard
  library.	It	too	is	meant	for	reference	by	programmers,	not	implementers.	Appendix	C	is	a	concise	summary	of	the	changes	from	the	original	version.— preface	to	the	second	edition[8]	The	influence	of	The	C	Programming	Language	on	programmers,	a	generation	of	whom	first	worked	with	C	in	universities	and	industry,	has	led	many	to	accept	the
  authors'	programming	style	and	conventions	as	recommended	practice,	if	not	normative	practice.	For	example,	the	coding	and	formatting	style	of	the	programs	presented	in	both	editions	of	the	book	is	often	referred	to	as	"K&R	style"	or	the	"One	True	Brace	Style"	and	became	the	coding	style	used	by	convention	in	the	source	code	for	the	Unix	and
  Linux	kernels.	See	also	The	C++	Programming	Language	The	Preparation	of	Programs	for	an	Electronic	Digital	Computer	References	^	a	b	Ward,	Terry	A.	(August	1983).	"Annotated	C	/	A	Bibliography	of	the	C	Language".	Byte.	p.	268.	Retrieved	31	January	2015.	^	Prinz,	Peter;	Crawford,	Tony	(2005-12-16).	C	in	a	Nutshell.	O'Reilly	Media,	Inc.	p.	3.
  ISBN	9780596550714.	^	Ritchie,	Dennis	M.	(1993).	"The	Development	of	the	C	Language".	History	of	Programming	Languages,	2nd	Edition.	Retrieved	2018-11-11.	^	"Leap	In	and	Try	Things:	Interview	with	Brian	Kernighan".	Harmony	at	Work.	October	24,	2009.	Archived	from	the	original	on	July	23,	2012.	Retrieved	2013-03-03.	^	Computerphile
  (2015-08-18).	"'C'	Programming	Language:	Brian	Kernighan	-	Computerphile".	Archived	from	the	original	on	2021-12-21.	Retrieved	2018-11-11.	^	Kernighan,	Brian	W.;	Ritchie,	Dennis	M.	(February	1978).	The	C	Programming	Language	(1st	ed.).	Englewood	Cliffs,	NJ:	Prentice	Hall.	ISBN	0-13-110163-3.	^	Pournelle,	Jerry	(December	1983).	"The	User
  Looks	at	Books".	Byte.	p.	519.	Retrieved	24	July	2016.	^	a	b	Kernighan,	Brian;	Ritchie,	Dennis	M.	(March	1988).	The	C	Programming	Language	(2nd	ed.).	Englewood	Cliffs,	NJ:	Prentice	Hall.	ISBN	0-13-110362-8.	External	links	The	C	Programming	Language,	first	edition	available	at	the	Internet	Archive	"C	Programming".	Bell	Labs	Computing
  Sciences	Research	Center.	2004-06-13.	Archived	from	the	original	on	2017-02-21.	Retrieved	17	January	2017..	Another	archived	page:	"The	C	Programming	Language".	2016-02-04.	Answers	to	The	C	Programming	Language	Exercises	C	language	standards	Succeeded	byC89	/	C90	/	"ANSI	C"(2nd	edition	of	book)	Retrieved	from	"	South	African	model
  and	actress	(1990–2022)	Charlbi	DeanDean	at	the	75th	Cannes	Film	Festival	in	May	2022BornCharlbi	Dean	Kriek(1990-02-05)5	February	1990Cape	Town,	Western	Cape,	South	AfricaDied29	August	2022(2022-08-29)	(aged	32)New	York	City,	New	York,	U.S.OccupationActressmodelYears	active2004–2022TelevisionBlack	LightningPartnerLuke	Volker
  (2018–2022)	Charlbi	Dean	Kriek	(/ˈʃɑːrlbi/	SHARL-bee;[1]	5	February	1990	–	29	August	2022)	was	a	South	African	actress	and	model.[2]	She	was	best	known	for	her	roles	in	the	Spud	films	(2010–2013),	the	superhero	drama	series	Black	Lightning	(2018)	and	the	Palme	d'Or	winner	Triangle	of	Sadness	(2022).	Early	life	and	career	Dean	was	born	on	5
  February	1990[3][4]	and	raised	in	Cape	Town	to	Joanne	Muller	and	Johan	Kriek.	She	had	a	brother,	Alex	Jacobs.[5]	She	began	modelling	at	the	age	of	6,	appearing	in	commercials	and	catalogues.	She	signed	with	Alfa	Model	Management	when	she	was	12	and	was	homeschooled	from	the	age	of	14.[6]	She	travelled	between	Cape	Town,	where	she
  attended	Waterfront	Theatre	School,[7][8]	and	the	likes	of	Tokyo,	New	York	and	London	for	her	career.[9][10]	In	October	2008,	Dean	and	fellow	model	Ashton	Schnehage	survived	a	car	crash.	Her	injuries	included	a	broken	wrist,	four	broken	ribs,	and	a	collapsed	lung.[11]	She	was	hospitalised	at	Milnerton	Medi-Clinic	and	received	life-saving	surgery,
  [6]	the	scars	from	which	she	later	sported	at	an	AMI	Alexandre	Mattiussi	fashion	show.[12]	She	took	a	break	from	her	career	after	the	accident.[13]	In	2010,	Dean	made	her	acting	debut	in	the	film	adaptation	of	Spud	as	Amanda,	a	role	she	would	reprise	in	the	sequel	Spud	2:	The	Madness	Continues.	She	went	on	to	star	in	the	films	Don't	Sleep	in	2017
  and	An	Interview	with	God	in	2018.[14][15]	During	the	same	year,	she	landed	the	role	of	Syonide,	a	recurring	character	she	played	for	two	seasons	of	the	Arrowverse	series	Black	Lightning.[16][17]	In	February	2020,	it	was	announced	Dean	had	joined	the	cast	of	Ruben	Östlund's	satirical	film	Triangle	of	Sadness,	which	premiered	at	the	2022	Cannes
  Film	Festival	and	won	the	Palme	d'Or.[18][19]	Personal	life	and	death	Dean	was	engaged	to	fellow	South	African	model	Luke	Volker.[12][11]	On	29	August	2022,	Dean	was	admitted	to	a	hospital	in	New	York	City	after	feeling	unwell.[20]	While	her	initial	symptoms	were	mild,	her	condition	deteriorated	rapidly	and	she	died	several	hours	later.	She	was
  32.[3][20][11]	A	final	cause	of	death	is	still	pending	autopsy	results,	though	it	was	found	that	she	had	a	viral	infection	in	her	lungs.[20]	Her	spleen	had	been	removed	after	her	2008	car	crash,	which	increases	the	risk	of	serious	infections.[20][21]	Dean's	death	occurred	shortly	before	the	international	release	of	Triangle	of	Sadness.[11]	Peter	Bradshaw
  of	The	Guardian	wrote	that	she	"was	a	true	star-in-the-making.	Her	loss	is	a	huge	one...	[she]	had	a	singular	style	and	enormous	promise."[22]	Filmography	Film	Year	Film	Role	Notes	2010	Spud	Amanda	[23]	2012	Illusive	Fields	Nadia	Short	film[24][16]	2013	Death	Race	3:	Inferno	Calimity	J	[25]	Spud	2:	The	Madness	Continues	Amanda	[26]	2016
  Blood	in	the	Water	Pheebee	[27]	2017	Don't	Sleep	Shawn	Edmon	[25]	2018	An	Interview	with	God	Grace	[25]	Porthole	Jennifer	/	Kassidy	Kubrick	[28]	2022	Triangle	of	Sadness	Yaya	[11]	Television	Year	TV	Series	Role	Notes	2017	Elementary	Beautiful	Woman	Episode:	"High	Heat"[16]	2018	Black	Lightning	Syonide	Recurring	role,	9	episodes[16]
  References	^	"An	Interview	With	God:	Charlbi	Dean	Interview".	An	Interview	with	God.	13	July	2018.	Retrieved	15	October	2021.	^	"Like	It's	'98	with	Charlbi	Dean	Kriek".	Marie	Claire	South	Africa.	June	2018.	Archived	from	the	original	on	18	November	2021.	Retrieved	18	November	2021.	^	a	b	Evans,	Greg;	Pedersen,	Erik	(30	August	2022).
  "Charlbi	Dean	Dies:	'Triangle	Of	Sadness'	Actor	Was	32".	Deadline.	Archived	from	the	original	on	30	August	2022.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	Dillon,	Nancy	(31	August	2022).	"Charlbi	Dean,	Breakout	Star	of	Palme	d'Or-Winning	'Triangle	of	Sadness,'	Dead	at	32".	Rolling	Stone.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	McKay,	Bronwyn	(31	August	2022).
  "Charlbi	Dean's	family	pay	tribute	to	the	up-and-coming	star:	'We	love	you	forever	and	always'".	Channel24.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	a	b	Evans,	Sally;	Kamaldien,	Yazeed	(8	October	2008).	"Top	SA	model	in	horror	crash".	The	Times.	Archived	from	the	original	on	18	November	2021.	Retrieved	18	November	2021.	^	Sinkins,	Estelle	(12	March
  2010).	"'Spud'	screen	queens:	meet	the	women	who	dominate	here's	love	life".	The	Witness.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	Shiffman,	Allyson	(27	May	2022).	"'Triangle	of	Sadness'	star	Charlbi	Dean	has	that	from-the-inside-out	radiance	of	a	1990s	supermodel".	Vogue	Scandinavia.	Archived	from	the	original	on	30	May	2022.	Retrieved	4	June	2022.	^
  "Charlbi	Dean	Kriek	–	Interview	#3".	Justin	Polkey.	June	2018.	Archived	from	the	original	on	18	November	2021.	Retrieved	18	November	2021.	^	Brown,	Emma	(19	September	2013).	"Gloves	Off".	Interview	Magazine.	Archived	from	the	original	on	18	November	2021.	Retrieved	18	November	2021.	^	a	b	c	d	e	Horton,	Adrian	(30	August	2022).
  "Charlbi	Dean,	model	and	Triangle	of	Sadness	actor,	dies	aged	32".	The	Guardian.	Archived	from	the	original	on	30	August	2022.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	a	b	"Local	star	Charlbi	Dean	Kriek	has	sadly	passed	away".	Cape	Town	Etc.	30	August	2022.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	"Spud:	The	Movie	–
  three	talented	local	actors	to	bring	Eve,	Amanda	and	Christine	to	life	on	screen".	Media	Update.	11	March	2010.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	"Una	entrevista	con	Dios.	No	ganará	premios,	pero..."	es.aleteia.org	(in	Spanish).	10	January	2019.	Archived	from	the	original	on	28	September	2021.	Retrieved
  12	October	2021.	^	Filmstarts.	"Filmografie	von	Charlbi	Dean	Kriek".	FILMSTARTS.de	(in	German).	Archived	from	the	original	on	28	October	2021.	Retrieved	12	October	2021.	^	a	b	c	d	Freitag,	Lee	(30	August	2022).	"Black	Lightning	Star	Charlbi	Dean	Dies	at	32".	CBR.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^
  "'Black	Lightning':	Who	Dies	in	the	Season	2	Premiere?".	DC.	Archived	from	the	original	on	24	October	2021.	Retrieved	12	October	2021.	^	Wiseman,	Andreas	(4	February	2020).	"'Triangle	Of	Sadness':	Harris	Dickinson,	Charlbi	Dean	&	Woody	Harrelson	Lead	Satire	From	Palme	D'Or	Winner	Ruben	Ostlund;	Imperative,	30WEST,	More	Join".	Deadline.
  Archived	from	the	original	on	24	October	2021.	Retrieved	12	October	2021.	^	Frank,	Jason	P.	(30	August	2022).	"Charlbi	Dean,	Star	of	Palme	d'Or	Winner	Triangle	of	Sadness,	Dead	at	32".	Vulture.	Archived	from	the	original	on	30	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	a	b	c	d	Dillon,	Nancy	(1	September	2022).	"Charlbi	Dean's	Brother	Recalls
  'Extremely	Loving'	Actress,	Shoots	Down	'Ridiculous'	Antivax	Theory".	Rolling	Stone.	Retrieved	1	September	2022.	^	"Spleen	problems	and	spleen	removal".	National	Health	Service.	Retrieved	1	September	2022.	^	Bradshaw,	Peter	(30	August	2022).	"Charlbi	Dean	was	a	true	star-in-the-making.	Her	loss	is	a	huge	one".	The	Guardian.	Archived	from
  the	original	on	30	August	2022.	Retrieved	30	August	2022.	^	"Actress	Charlbi	Dean	dies".	uk.sports.yahoo.com.	30	August	2022.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	"Illusive	Fields".	Berlinale	Talents.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	a	b	c	Johnson,	Alan	(31	August
  2022).	"Charlbi	Dean's	trainer	says	star	was	'happy	and	healthy'	in	days	before	death".	Daily	Mirror.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	"Charlbi	Dean,	'Triangle	of	Sadness'	and	'Black	Lightning'	actor,	dies	at	32".	NBC	News.	30	August	2022.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August
  2022.	^	"South	African	actress	Charlbi	Dean	dies	aged	32".	France	24.	30	August	2022.	Archived	from	the	original	on	31	August	2022.	Retrieved	31	August	2022.	^	Barnes,	Mike	(30	August	2022).	"Charlbi	Dean,	Actress	in	'Triangle	of	Sadness'	and	'Black	Lightning,'	Dies	at	32".	The	Hollywood	Reporter.	Archived	from	the	original	on	30	August	2022.
  Retrieved	31	August	2022.	External	links	Charlbi	Dean	at	Facebook	Charlbi	Dean	at	Instagram	Charlbi	Dean	at	IMDb	Retrieved	from	"