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international journal of engineering and advanced technology ijeat issn 2249 8958 volume 8 issue 6s august 2019 harmonic research and mitigation techniques in induction furnace d rajalakshmi r kavitha k ...

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                                                                    International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 
                                                                                              ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6S, August 2019 
                                  Harmonic Research and Mitigation 
                                     Techniques in Induction Furnace 
                                                          D.Rajalakshmi, R.Kavitha, K.Premalatha  
                 ABSTRACT---  Induction  furnaces  are  widely  applied  for            inverter is employed to convert DC into high frequency AC 
              heating  and  melting  purpose  in  Iron  and  steel  industries.         and  is  connected  to  Induction  furnace  coil  by  coupling 
              Induction furnace injects significant amount of harmonics when            capacitor bank. 12-pulse rectifiers are preferred and it has 
              operated under varying load conditions.This leads to power loss           two three phase bridge, the supply  to individual bridge is 
              and affects the performance of adjacent loads. The aim of the             fed by using phase shifting transformers. With increase in 
              paper is to analyze the harmonic profile of induction furnace in          number  of  pulse,  the  output  line  current  becomes 
              steel  industry  and  suggest  solution  to  mitigate  the  harmonics     approximated sinusoidal waveform and results in reduction 
              using  a  Unified  Power  Quality  Conditioner  (UPQC).  The 
              experimental  voltage  and  current  harmonics  of  the  induction        of current distortion. The  rating of the furnace employed for 
              furnace  are  analyzed  using  power  quality  logger  for  a  steel      field measurement  is presented in Table .1 
              industry.  From  the  experimental  analysis,  simulation  is                Table 1 : Rating of the furnace  
              performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK and  solutions  are presented                    
              to mitigate the harmonics using UPQC.                                         Type                      Coreless Induction furnace 
                 Keywords - Induction furnace, UPQC,  Harmonics, THD                        Power rating              450 kW 
                                 I.     INTRODUCTION                                        Voltage                   415 V 
                 Power      quality     is    defined     as     occurrence      of         Capacity                  1000 Kg 
              problem/fluctuations  in  voltage,  current  or  frequency  that              
              results  in  failure  or  mal-operation  of  electric  equipment.            Active filters are preferred instead of  passive filter for 
              Power      quality    events     seriously     destroy     industrial     eliminating  power  quality  problems.  Key  Power  quality 
              infrastructure  and  are  largely  untracked  [1].  Industrial            problems like harmonics and sag are mitigated using UPQC. 
              requirements regarding power quality issues are discussed in              Instantaneous elimination of current and voltage problems 
              [2]. The usage of nonlinear loads like arc or ladle furnaces              are achieved by shunt and series active filter. The power fed 
              in  heavy-industry  plants,  power  converters,  results  in              is linked through common DC link and maintains constant 
              distortion in waveforms of current and voltage. The voltage               real   power  exchange  [10-12].  This  paper  presents 
              and  current  distortion  comprises  of  harmonics  that  are             experimental  results  of  field  survey  conducted  in  an  
              multiples  of  fundamental  frequency.  International  Electro-           induction  furnace applied in steel industry. The voltage and 
              technical  Commission  (IEC)  and  IEEE  have  specified                  current harmonics are analyzed and solutions for harmonic 
              standards  for    limits  of  harmonic  emission  [3]–[5].                reduction is discussed  using UPQC. 
              Optimized Harmonic minimization techniques for mitigating                II.     FIELD MEASUREMENT OF HARMONICS IN 
              harmonics is presented in [6-7]. The induction furnace plays                                   INDUCTION FURNACE 
              a vital role in the operation of steel industries and are non-
              linear  in  nature.  Induction  furnace  injects  significant                The Field measurement is taken for an induction furnace 
              harmonics when operated under varying load conditions[8].                 employed in steel industry  and its ratings is  indicated in 
              Voltage distortions in induction furnace are measured and                 Table 1. The voltage and current waveforms are shown in 
              voltage waveform distortion model is presented in [9]. Many               fig.2  (a)  .The    voltage  harmonics  of  the  three  phases  are 
              of steel melting industries equipped with Induction furnace               shown in fig 2(b)-(d). It is observed that current waveform is 
              are having 2-pulse or 24-pulse phase controlled circuits .                highly distorted when compared to voltage waveform . The 
                 II.    METHODOLOGY                                                     current  harmonics  generated  in  an  induction  furnace  is 
                 The power circuit diagram of induction furnace employed                measured by power logger and shown in fig 3. The lower 
              in  steel  industry  is  shown  in  fig.1.  The  AC  supply  is           order  harmonics  are  higher  and  THD  value  of    25% 
              converted into DC by fully controlled rectifier and constant              indicates  larger amount of  current harmonics in the supply. 
              DC is achieved by  DC link inductor . The induction heating               The  k-factor  indicates  the  measure  of  transformer 
              requires high frequency  and thus six pulse current source                overheating due to existence of harmonics and its value is 
                                                                                        4.09% 
              Revised Manuscript Received on August 14, 2019. 
                  D.Rajalakshmi,  Associate  Professor,Department  of  Electrical  and 
              Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, 
              T.N. India. (rajalakshmi.d.eee@kct.ac.in) 
                  R.Kavitha,  Associate  Professor,Department  of  Electrical  and 
              Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, 
              T.N. India (kavitha.r.eee@kct.ac.in) 
                  K.Premalatha,  Associate  Professor,Department  of  Electrical  and 
              Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 
              T.N. India (premalatha.k.eee@kct.ac.in) 
                                                                                              Published By: 
              Retrieval Number: F10280886S19/19©BEIESP                             134        Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 
              DOI:10.35940/ijeat.F1028.0886S19                                                & Sciences Publication  
                                                                                                                    
                                      HARMONIC RESEARCH AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES IN INDUCTION FURNACE 
                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 Fig.1. Power Circuit of Induction furnace                                                                        
                                                                    (a)                                                                                 (b)                                              
                                                                                                                 
                                                                    (c)                                                                                 (d)                                             
                        Fig.2. : (a) voltage and current waveform (b) Harmonic profile of line voltage VL13 (c) Harmonic profile of 
                                                               line voltage VL  (d)  Harmonic profile of line voltage VL  
                                                                                        12                                                                   23
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              Published By: 
                   Retrieval Number: F10280886S19/19©BEIESP                                                     135           Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 
                   DOI:10.35940/ijeat.F1028.0886S19                                                                           & Sciences Publication  
                                                         International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 
                                                                               ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6S, August 2019 
                                        Fig 3. Current harmonics and its harmonic spectrum                                 
               
                                                                                                                             
               
              Based on the measurement it  is observed that  THD is         quality issues such as harmonics, interharmonics, reactive 
            low during initial  phase and then it increases as loading      power requirements. The compensation capability of both 
            of  scrap  is  performed.  The  individual  harmonic            inverters is realized by means of a proper control. Shunt 
            percentage  obtained  during  field  study  is  indicated  in   inverter supplies or absorbs the reactive power provided 
            Table.2.  The  Simulink  model  of  power  circuit  with        by the series inverter. In this paper, Unified power quality 
            induction  furnace  is  done  using  MATLAB  Simulink           conditioner  (UPQC)  for  Induction  furnace  and  it 
            software.  The  firing  angle  for  the  phase  controlled      mitigates  the  harmonics  in  the  supply  current  and  
            converter is provided by employing discrete pulses. The         improves  the    current  quality.  UPQC  also  provides  in 
            frequency of the output is increased from 50Hz to 600 Hz        phase supply voltage and current and thus extra power 
            and fed to induction furnace unit.                              factor  improvement  device  is  not  required.  Open  loop 
                                                                            system is modelled using MATLAB for non lineaer load. 
          III.   UPQC FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION AND                           The  UPQC  is  modelled  in  MATLAB  Simulink    and 
                          ITS SIMULATION RESULTS                            shown in fig 5  
              UPQC consists of series and shunt active filter. The             The simulated waveforms of  current and voltage , and 
            series inverter is practiced for moderating voltage related     their corresponding harmonic profile are shown in fig.6 - 
            harmonics  and  shunt  inverter  for  moderating  current       9. The simulated open loop system specifications  are in 
            related harmonics. The compensation voltage Injected by         correlation  with the  induction furnace where field study 
            the  series  inverter  is  found  to  be  the  sum  of  source  is made. The simulated sytem input voltage is 440 V ,50 
            voltage  and  compensated  voltage.  The  series  voltage       HZ and the non linear load is added which is equivalent 
            injected at the required magnitude and phase angle and          to  induction  furnace.    Fig  6  and  7  shows  the  voltage 
            this result in the regulation of rated sinusoidal voltage in    waveform, current waveform and its harmonic spectrum 
            the load bus. The voltage related power quality problems        without UPQC (open loop system). Voltage THD is 4.2 
            such as voltage sag, swell, imbalance, flicker harmonics        %  and  current  THD  is  25.2  %.  Individual  current 
            are avoided. Series inverter absorb or supply real power        harmonics are varying from 0.3 % to 19 %  more or less 
            in addition to the reactive power and this phase angle of       matching with induction furnace data taken in previously 
            injected voltage varies from 0 to 360°.                         mentioned industry. 
                                                                               Fig 8 and 9 shows the result produced by the system 
               Table 2 Individual Current harmonics and THD                 with UPQC. Voltage THD is reduced from 4.1 % into 
                             th      th      th     th     th     th        0.09 % when it is measured with UPQC. The Voltage 
            Harmonic        5       7      11     13     17    19           THD is reduced more than 3 %.The current THD is 7.1 % 
            order                                                           with UPQC. When compared to system with out UPQC , 
            Amplitude of    19.3    12.9   4.1    2.9    1.2   1            it is reduced more than 18%.  The lower order harmonics 
             harmonics                                                      h5 is 8% and h7 is 4% when UPQC is employed  which 
             (as a % of                                                     inturn  minimizes  the  source  current  distortion.  The 
            fundamental)                                                    proposed UPQC for Induction furnace shows the better 
                                                                            performance then the system without UPQC. 
               
               
              The shunt inverter has the ability to regulate the DC 
            link voltage and to compensate the current related power 
                                                                               Published By: 
            Retrieval Number: F10280886S19/19©BEIESP                  136      Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 
            DOI:10.35940/ijeat.F1028.0886S19                                   & Sciences Publication  
                                                                                                   
                                HARMONIC RESEARCH AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES IN INDUCTION FURNACE 
                                                                                    Fig 5. UPQC model                                                                
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                               
                                                                       Fig 6 Volatge waveform and its harmonics with out UPQC                    
                                                                                                                                               
                                                                       Fig 7 Current waveform and its harmonics without UPQC                     
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                           Published By: 
                Retrieval Number: F10280886S19/19©BEIESP                                        137        Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 
                DOI:10.35940/ijeat.F1028.0886S19                                                           & Sciences Publication  
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...International journal of engineering and advanced technology ijeat issn volume issue s august harmonic research mitigation techniques in induction furnace d rajalakshmi r kavitha k premalatha abstract furnaces are widely applied for inverter is employed to convert dc into high frequency ac heating melting purpose iron steel industries connected coil by coupling injects significant amount harmonics when capacitor bank pulse rectifiers preferred it has operated under varying load conditions this leads power loss two three phase bridge the supply individual affects performance adjacent loads aim fed using shifting transformers with increase paper analyze profile number output line current becomes industry suggest solution mitigate approximated sinusoidal waveform results reduction a unified quality conditioner upqc experimental voltage distortion rating analyzed logger field measurement presented table from analysis simulation performed matlab simulink solutions type coreless keywords thd...

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