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st 1 international conference on engineering education and innovation december 13 14 2018 myanmar ee 1 creating a supportive learning environment classroom management issues daw zar chi yu aung department ...

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                          st
                         1  International Conference on Engineering Education and Innovation, December 13-14, 2018, Myanmar 
                
               EE-1 
                    Creating A Supportive Learning Environment: Classroom Management 
                                                                               Issues 
                                                                      Daw Zar Chi Yu Aung 
                            Department of Language, University of Computer Studies, Loikaw, zarchiyuaung.zarchi@gmail.com 
                
               Abstract—  In  accomplishing  educational  objectives  and              presented  a  similar  definition:  “classroom  management 
               creating  a  supportive  learning  environment,  classroom              refers to actions taken to create and maintain a conducive 
               management plays an important role. Classroom management                learning  environment  to  successful  instruction  such  as 
               refers to the strategies that the teacher manage to control the         arranging the physical environment, establishing rules and 
               classroom effectively and to stimulate students’ motivation on          procedures, maintaining students’ attention to lessons and 
               their  learning  and  to  support  the  students’  learning  needs.     engagement in activities.” 
               This study aims at classroom management issues that create a                Both definitions  emphasize  the  importance  of  actions 
               supportive  learning  environment  to  support  the  learning           taken by the teacher to facilitate learning for the students. 
               needs  of  students  and  assess  the  factors  that  help  build  a        It  can  also  be  said  that  classroom  management is the 
               supportive  learning  environment  in  order  to  achieve  the          strategies,  techniques  and  the  abilities  how  a  teacher 
               students’  academic  success.  This  paper  describes  about            manages to control the classroom and how to motivate and 
               classroom management strategies and characteristics, how to 
               create a supportive learning environment and how to motivate            stimulate  students’  enthusiasm  and  interesting  on  their 
               the  students  in  the  classroom.  In  this  paper,  moreover,         learning and how to support the student’s learning needs. 
               teaching and learning activities that were performed in real            By using these effective classroom management strategies 
               classroom are also mentioned.  As a teacher, it is important to         and techniques, teachers can create the ways how to get 
               focus on effective classroom management strategies to support           students’ academic achievement and academic success.  
               the  learning  needs  of  students  as  classroom  management               According to Evertson and Weinstein (2006), in order 
               paves  the  way  for  creating  an  environment  supportive  to         to attain a high quality of classroom management, teachers 
               learning and for achieving students’ academic success.                  must take five types of actions. They are:  
                                                                                             To develop caring, supportive relationships with and 
               Keywords— Classroom management, learning environment,                           among students 
               learning needs, strategies, academic success                                  To organize and implement instruction in ways that 
                                      I.  INTRODUCTION                                         optimize students’ access to learning 
                   Teachers play a fundamental role in shaping to achieve                    To  encourage  students’  engagement  in  academic 
               effective  education  through  establishing  a  supportive                      tasks,  which  can  be  done  by  using  group 
               learning  environment,  helping  all  students  achieve                         management methods 
               academic success and supporting students’ learning needs.                     To  promote  the  development  of  students’  social 
                   Teachers  face  many  difficulties  and  challenges  in                     skills and self-regulation 
               creating  a  supportive  learning  environment because there                  To use appropriate interventions to assist students 
               are  so  many  personalities  and  different  levels  in  one                   with behaviour problems 
               classroom. The various contexts, locations and cultures in              B.  Classroom management strategies  
               which students learn is defined as the learning environment                Classroom  management  strategies  are  tools  that  the 
               (Rasheedah      Jibrin,    2017).    Effective     teachers     use     teachers  can  use  to  help  create  inviting  and  appealing 
               appropriate  teaching  strategies  to  meet  specific  learning         environments  for  students’  learning  process.  Keeping 
               needs of students by allocating students to work together on            students  focused  can  be  a  daunting  task.  Many  things 
               specific  tasks  and  engage  in  peer  discussions  and  team          contribute  to  inattentions  ranging  from  an  inadequate 
               work as  well  as  peer-assess  through  classroom  activities          breakfast to a restless night’s sleep. Regardless of the cause, 
               (Sonia Hankova, 2015).                                                  teachers  must  be  able  to  use  strategies  that  engage  their 
                    So, managing a classroom might seem a daunting task,               students’  focus  and  help  them  remain  on  task.  Effective 
               but  it  is  achievable.  Effective  classroom  management              strategies  use  techniques  that  encourage  students  to 
               (ECM) means implementing strategies that create a safe,                 participate and stay attentive throughout the school day.  
               fair  and  supportive  learning  environment  for  students  to            According to Natalie Schwartz (2018), there are top 10 
               flourish  in.  Without  effective  classroom  management,               secrets  of  successful  classroom  management  strategies. 
               classrooms  are  disorganized  and  chaotic,  and  very  little         These strategies are:  
               academic learning can happen (Elias & Schwab, 2006).                         Effective  classroom  management  is  based  on  a 
                   Thus,  in  accomplishing  educational  objectives  and                      learnable set of skills. 
               creating  a  supportive  learning  environment,  classroom                   Establish a positive relationship with the class.  
               management is an essential part and a key component.                         Praise is a powerful tool. 
                                                                                            Welcome feedback from students. 
                                   II.  LITERATURE REVIEW                                   Create a safe and supportive learning environment. 
               A.  What is classroom management?                                            Variety is the key to engaging students. 
                   Classroom  management refers to the  actions  teachers                   Establish  the  expectation  that  everyone  must 
               take  to  create  a  positive  and  supportive  learning                        participate in class every day. 
               environment  for  the  academic  and  social  emotional                      Assessments should look forward, not back. 
               learning  of  students  and  classroom  management  is  an                   Parents have the expectation of teachers. 
               ongoing  interaction  between  teachers  and  students                       Indicate to parents the potential for growth in their 
               (Evertson  and  Weingtein,  2006).  Brophy  (2006)  also                        child. 
                                                                                    3 
                
                                                                                  
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                        1  International Conference on Engineering Education and Innovation, December 13-14, 2018, Myanmar 
               
                  Apart from classroom management strategies, there are           has  an  interest  in  learning  the  subject  and  is  inspired 
              various characteristics that describes a well-managed and           internally.  However,  extrinsic  motivation  occurs  when 
              efficient  classroom.  It  is  essential  to  have  well-managed    other factors, such as a reward or recognition driving them 
              classroom  that  help  improve  classroom  efficiency  and          to participate in class. It is the teacher’s responsibility to 
              create  an  environment  conducive  to  learning.  These            engage students in learning by tapping into intrinsic and 
              characteristics are:                                                extrinsic motivation. To stimulate students’ motivation, it is 
                   Student Engagement                                            crucial to focus on the following methods. 
                   Clear Expectations                                                 Foster a positive learning environment 
                   Effective Time Management                                          Build rapport with students 
                   Positive and Supportive Learning Environment                       Prepare engaging lessons 
                   Firm Discipline                                                    Give students options 
              C.  Creating a supportive learning environment                           Start a reward and recognition program 
                  Learning  environment  can  refer  to  an  educational                       III. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 
              approach, various cultural contexts, or physical setting in            This survey aims at classroom management issues that 
              which teaching and learning occur. Classroom environment            create  a  supportive  learning  environment  to  support  the 
              is  one  of  the  most  important  factors  affecting  students     learning needs of students and to assess the factors that help 
              learning. Students learn better when they view the learning         build a supportive learning environment in order to achieve 
              environment as positive and supportive (Joan Young, 2014).          the students’ academic success. This study was conducted 
              Supportive  learning  environment  is  to  meet  the  learning      at the University of Computer Studies, Loikaw. The study 
              needs of students and to achieve students’ learning success.        period  was  from  August  2018  to  October  2018.  Survey 
              Saying that, positive and supportive learning environments          design  was  adopted  for  this  study.  The  study  population 
              don’t just happen on their own_ they must be created. So,           was all students of first year to fourth year students from 
              teachers need to create a supportive learning environment           the  University  of  Computer  Studies,  Loikaw.  There  are 
              that  help  provide  the  learning  needs  of  students  and        total of 417 students in 2017-2018 academic year and the 
              improve the learning process.                                       sample population was 247 students. The students readily 
                  The  learning  environment  can  be  created  to  be            available at the time of data collection were chosen to get 
              supportive     and    productive     by     building    positive    the  nearly  half  of  total  students  from  the  University. 
              relationships    between     students    and    student-teacher     Therefore, convenient sampling method was used for this 
              relationships,  promoting  a  culture  of  respect  through         study.  The  required  data  were  collected  by  self-
              collaborative  and  cooperative  work  in  a  student-centered      administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics 
              learning  environment,  utilizing  strategies  that  promote        such  as  frequency  and  percentage  were  computed  for 
              students’ self-confidence and motivation.                           perception of the students. 
                  Supporting to develop deep levels of students thinking 
              is  also  an  important  issue  for  a  supportive  learning                         IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 
              environment. This can be created by promoting substantive 
              classroom  discussions,       allowing    students    to   work         Two hundred and fourty-seven students were collected 
              collaboratively during investigations and problem solving           for this survey about the learning environment they want. 
              tasks,  sharing  ideas  and  promoting  questioning  (Sonia         In  this  survey,  there  are  9  items  for  students’  perception 
              Hankova, 2015).                                                     concerning with creating a supportive learning environment 
                  Using various style of learning activities is also a key        through the effective classroom management. 
              component in creating a supportive learning environment.                   Table (1) Students’ perception for student-centered approach and 
              Teachers  should  vary  the  style  of  learning  activities  to                         teacher-centered approach 
              allow students to explore the ways in which they learn best.                          Item                  Frequency       (%) 
              This also enables all students to develop skills to actively           Students’ perception for                                 
              participate in a variety of learning situations. Activities that        (1)  Student-centered approach            163      66.0 
              promote  and  encourage  the  development  of  group  trust,            (2)  Teacher-centered approach             84      34.0 
              build communication skills and enhance cooperation should 
              be created.                                                                          Total                        247     100.0 
                  Maintaining negative attitudes and behaviour is another          
              important  factor.  Teachers  should  maintain  a  learning             Regarding  with  the  students’  perception  for  student-
              environment free from bullying, exclusion, harassment and           centered approach and teacher-centered approach, most of 
              negative behaviour to promote respect and provide a safe            the  students  (66.0%)  agree  with  that  student-centered 
              learning space.                                                     approach  can  help  more  improve  students’  academic 
                  Creating  a  supportive  learning  environment  is  one  of     performance  and  achievement  than  teacher-centered 
              the key component in classroom management issues. Thus,             approach. The rest of students (34.0%) disagree with that. 
              teachers  should create a positive and supportive learning          According to the result, most of the students can accept to 
              environment  by  using  effective  classroom  management            change student-centered approach whereas about one third 
              strategies.                                                         of students cannot still accept. 
              D. How to motivate the students in the classroom                        Nowadays, education system is changing from teacher-
                                                                                  centered approach to student-centered approach. Jones, Leo 
                  In   creating   a   supportive  learning  environment,          (2007) stated that student-centered learning, also known as 
              stimulating  students’  motivation  is  a  key  component  of       learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods 
              learning  process.  One  of  the  major  challenges  in  the        of  teaching  that  shift  the  focus  of  instruction  from  the 
              classroom  is  stimulating  students’  motivation.  The  two        teacher  to  the  students  and  put  responsibility  for  the 
              types of motivation for learning process are intrinsic and          learning path in the hands of  students by imparting them 
              extrinsic. Intrinsic learning occurs when the student already       with skills.  
                                                                                4 
               
                                                                                   
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                        1  International Conference on Engineering Education and Innovation, December 13-14, 2018, Myanmar 
               
                  Johnson,  Eli  (2013)  stated  that  teacher-centered             progress students’ academic performance and achieve their 
              approach situates the teacher as the primarily “active” role          academic  success  than  traditional  teaching  methods 
              while students take a more “passive”, receptive role. To be           whereas a number of students (31.2%) disagree with that. 
              effective  education,  student-centered  approach  is  more              Teaching  styles  have  changed  significantly  over  the 
              effective one.                                                        years.  The  back-to-basics  traditional  educational  method, 
                  According  to  the  result,  it  is  necessary  to  get  full     also known as conventional education, is still widely used 
              percentage  of  acceptance  in  the  process  of  changing  the       in schools. The old-fashioned way of teaching was all about 
              student-centered approach. Thus, teachers should effort to            recitation and memorization techniques. The modern way 
              assess  the  barriers  in  the  process  of  changing  student-       of  teaching  is  more  activity  based,  using  questioning, 
              centered approach.                                                    explaining, demonstration and collaboration technique and 
                                                                                    interactive methods. 
                  Table (2) Students’ perception for supportive learning environment   According to the result, two-third of the students can 
                The supportive learning environment                                 accept using modern teaching methods whereas about one-
                is an essential learning space for       Frequency      (%)         third  of  students  still  accept  using  traditional  teaching 
                students.                                                           methods.  
                       Agree                                  243      98.4           Education reforms mean that learning is taught from a 
                       Disagree                                 4        1.6       completely     different   angle.    Progressive    educational 
                                                                                    practices  focus  more  on  the  individual  students’  needs 
                  As shown in table (2), it can be seen that almost all             rather than assuming all students are at the same level of 
              students  (98.4%)  agree  with  that  supportive  learning            understanding.  
              environment is an essential learning space for students. A               Saying  that  traditional  and  modern  teaching  methods 
              positive  and  supportive  learning  environment  provides            are  both  effective  and  useful  in  today’s  education.  Thus, 
              relevant  content,  clear  learning  goals  and  feedback,            teachers  need  to  understand  when  a  traditional  method 
              opportunities to build social skills, and strategies to help          works best and when it’s right to try new and innovative 
              students  succeed  (Joan  Young,  2014).  According  to  the          approaches  and  teachers  should  assess  which  teaching 
              result,  almost  all  students  desire  a  supportive  learning       method is appropriate or not for students.  
              environment for their learning process. Thus, it is important                                                Disagree  
              to create a welcoming atmosphere that the students need.                                                      (4%) 
               Table (3) Students’ perception for the ECM strategies and strict discipline 
               For managing the classroom effectively,                                                       Agree  
               using ECM strategies is more effective     Frequency  (%)                                    (96%) 
               way for students than using strict 
               discipline. 
                          Agree                              128      51.8 
                          Disagree                           119      48.2                                                 Disagree     Agree
                  It can be seen that a number of students (51.8%) agree                                                                             
              with that using ECM strategies is more effective way to                    Figure (2) Students’ perception for stimulating students’ motivation 
              manage the classroom effectively whereas the number of                             that is a key component of learning process 
              students (48.2%) agree with that using strict discipline is              It  can  be  seen  that  in  creating  a  supportive  learning 
              more  effective  one  as  shown  in  table  (3).  To  create  a       environment,  stimulating  students’  motivation  is  a  key 
              supportive learning environment, the most effective way is            component  of  learning  process.  In  this  survey,  96%  of 
              using  effective  classroom  management  strategies  in               students agree with it as shown in Figure (2). Motivation is 
              classroom. According to the result, however, nearly half of           essential to learning since it is the driving force for students 
                                                                                    to complete tasks that build knowledge (Chi Nguyen, 2008). 
              the students don’t seem to realize the effective classroom            Without  students’  motivation,  teachers  can’t  run  the 
              management strategies. Thus, it is necessary to explain the           classroom effectively.  According to the result, almost all 
              students  about  classroom  management  strategies  and  use 
              these strategies in the classroom effectively.                        students agree with the fact that students’ motivation is a 
                                                                                    key component of learning process. Thus, it is important to 
                                                                                    stimulate students’ motivation. 
                         s                            170                               Table (4) Students’ perception for the continuous flow of activities at 
                        tn 200                                                                                  four skills 
                        ed                77 
                        ust                                    Traditional              Students’ perception for the           Agree 
                         of100                                                          continuous flow of activities 
                         er                                    teaching                 at four skills                  Frequency      (%) 
                        mb    0                                Method
                        uN                                     Modern                        Reading activity               192        77.7 
                                                               teaching                      writing activity               176        71.3 
                                                               method                        Listening activity             211        85.4 
                                                                                             Speaking activity              195        78.9 
                  Figure (1) Students’ perception for traditional teaching method and 
                                    modern teaching method                             In Question No 6-9, students’ perception about reading, 
                  As shown in figure (1), most of the students (68.8%)              writing, listening and speaking activities were assessed.  
              agree  with  modern  teaching  methods  can  help  more 
                                                                                 5 
               
                                                                                   
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                        1  International Conference on Engineering Education and Innovation, December 13-14, 2018, Myanmar 
               
                  In  creating  a  supportive  learning  environment  for           Thus, students should pay attention not only on what is said, 
              reading activity, students more admire discussing with each           but also how it is said (Mary Milne, 2017). 
              other and participating various group activities to achieve              For  speaking  activity,  most  of  students  (78.9%)  are 
              critical  thinking  skills  than  explaining  and  translating  a     willing to participate and speak foreign language than their 
              passage only by a teacher.  For this concept,  majority  of           native language for the sake of being fluent and proficient 
              students (77.7%) agree this.                                          in the language class. So, teachers should train to improve 
                  Reading is a process of the brain and it takes time to            students’ speaking skills and to be confidence in speaking 
              develop.  Students’  mind  should  attach  meaning  to  the           foreign  language.  Moreover,  it  is  necessary  to  give  the 
              words,  phrases  and  expressions  represented  by  symbols,          following guidelines for students. 
              and  get  to  understand  the  grammar  and  structure  of  the            Trying to imitate the speakers admired 
              language used in the passage to read. It is also important to              Picking a topic to talk about 
              get  students’  interest  in  reading  activity  (Mary  Milne,             Studying reductions, linking words, native speech, 
              2017).  Thus,  it  is  necessary  to  focus  on  the  following              connect words and squeeze words 
              methods and give guidelines for the students.                              Doing interesting activities in English 
                   Creating  a  supportive  pleasant  classroom  climate                Having a debate 
                      where students are free from embarrassment with the              Speaking is often the hardest of the four language skills, 
                      aim of concentrating on their reading activity.               but as soon as students can speak a little English, there are 
                   Raising critical thinking skills while they are reading         lots of ways to improve quickly. 
                   Discussing with each other                                         Reading,  writing,  listening  and  speaking  are  the  four 
                   Creating various reading activities                             language  skills  that  need  to  develop  for  complete 
                  The teaching method that is explaining and translating            communication.  Listening  and  reading  are  receptive:  the 
              only by a teacher can create a passive learning environment           exposure that have to authentic language in use. Speaking 
              for  students.  For  the  continuous flow of reading activity,        and  writing  are  productive:  the  action  of  producing 
              teachers should create active learning environment.                   language as part of the process of second language learning. 
                  For  writing  activity,  most  of  students  (71.3%)  agree          To  achieve  these  four  basic  language  skills,  students 
              with that brainstorming and eliciting own ideas, cultivating          need  to  surround  themselves  with  English  and  teachers 
              writing habits and presenting own logical writing style are           should  make  them  practise  systematically  (Mary  Milne, 
              more  effective  than  taking  by  heart  for  improving  their       2017). 
              writing skill. For this concept, although nearly two third of             
              students  agree  this,  some  students  use  recitation  and             V. CREATING TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN 
              memorization method until now.  Teachers should reform                                        REAL CLASSROOM 
              this system. For the continuous flow of writing activity, it is          In  2017-2018  academic  year,  the  author  had  the 
              important to focus on the following methods.                          responsibility  to  teach  the  fourth  year  students  from  the 
                   Giving  guidelines  how  to  write  and  develop  the           University  of  Computer  Studies,  Loikaw.  A  number  of 
                      right writing habits                                          fourth year computer science students were twenty seven 
                   Giving  guidelines  to  pay  attention  to  sentence            and a number of fourth year computer technology students 
                      structures,    word      choices,    using     grammar,       were ten. So, there were total of thirty seven students in the 
                      vocabulary and spelling correctly                             combined class for English subject. It was suitable number 
                   Cultivating to present clear and logical writing style,         of students for a teacher as there can be many difficulties 
                      reasonable opinions and coherence and cohesion                and challenges for a teacher due to large class. Students 
                  Even though it may be intimidating to a lot of people,            could  be  trained  and  practised  with  various  activities  by 
              anyone can get used to writing with a little discipline and a         using classroom management strategies because there were 
              willingness to learn (Mary Milne, 2017).                              few students in the class. 
                  Listening plays a very important part in learning any                For reading activity, firstly, students were divided into 
              language  (Mary  Milne,  2017).  For  listening  activity,            groups.  Secondly,  each  paragraph  was  allocated  to  each 
              according to the result, most of students (85.4%) agree with          group in order to read, explain and discuss with each other 
              that systematic practising with the help of language teacher          within the time limit. Then, students from each group were 
              in the language lab is a more effective way for them. Thus,           invited to explain and discuss with the class. The various 
              it  is  necessary  to  give  the  following  guidelines  for  the     question types were also asked. To answer these questions, 
              students.                                                             every student from each group participated and competed 
                   Facing the speaker and maintaining eye contact                  with  other  groups.  Moreover,  students  were  given 
                   Being attentive, but relaxed                                    instructions to change the original sentences into another 
                   Keeping on open mind                                            sentence structures that must be similar to the meaning of 
                   Listening to the songs                                          original sentences from the passage. Finally, the won group 
                   Listening to the words and try to picture what the              was  rewarded.  These  strategies  and  activities  are  more 
                      speaker is saying                                             effective than explaining and translating a passage only by 
                   Systematic  practising  with  audiovisual  aids  in             a teacher. By using these strategies, a supportive pleasant 
                      language lab                                                  classroom  climate  could  be  created  to  concentrate  on 
                  Although  systematic  practising  with  the  help  of             reading activity and to achieve students’ learnable set of 
                                                                                    skills. 
              language teacher in the language lab is more effective, it is            For writing activity, students were given instruction to 
              inconvenient  way  in  all  times.  So,  students  should  also       present a topic with the aim of brainstorming and eliciting 
              practise  by  themselves  with  tape,  CD,  phone  and  so  on.       their  writing  abilities  within  the  time  limit.  Before 
              Effective  listening  ensures  understanding  and  it  helps          presenting  their  ideas,  students  were  given  guidelines  to 
              improve  accuracy  when  speaking,  among  other  things.             write in an appropriate and logical writing style, present a 
                                                                                 6 
               
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...St international conference on engineering education and innovation december myanmar ee creating a supportive learning environment classroom management issues daw zar chi yu aung department of language university computer studies loikaw zarchiyuaung zarchi gmail com abstract in accomplishing educational objectives presented similar definition refers to actions taken create maintain conducive plays an important role successful instruction such as the strategies that teacher manage control arranging physical establishing rules effectively stimulate students motivation procedures maintaining attention lessons their support needs engagement activities this study aims at both definitions emphasize importance by facilitate for assess factors help build it can also be said is order achieve techniques abilities how academic success paper describes about manages motivate characteristics enthusiasm interesting moreover student s teaching were performed real using these effective are mentioned te...

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