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                   GUIDANCE 1.1                                                                                                                                                       
                   INTEGRATING GENDER EQUALITY IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
                                                                  CONTENTS (CLICK TO NAVIGATE)
         his third edition of EVAL’s guidance note on 
         gender equality in evaluation expands on the 
     T
     2013 and 2016 versions. This update reflects new             1.  WHY THIS GUIDE?
     developments and takes into account the latest               2.  INTRODUCTION
     United Nations Evaluation Group’s (UNEG) guidance 
     on the subject. This is a practical guide to ensure that     3.  KEY CONCEPTS
     due attention is given to inclusion of the principles        4.  ILO’S MANDATE AND POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY
     of gender equality and other human rights, as 
     reflected in the guidance note on normative work.                 4.1 Gender equality as a global goal
     The intended audience is all ILO professionals who                4.2  The ILO’s mandate on gender equality
     deliver or manage programmes and projects of                      4.3 The ILO’s policy on gender equality and mainstreaming
     development cooperation.
                                                                       4.4 The ILO Action Plan for Gender Equality
     JUNE 2019
                                                                  5.  GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION QUALITY STANDARDS
                                                                  6.  INTEGRATING GENDER EQUALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN PROGRAMME AND PROJECT CYCLES
                                                                       6.1.  Integrating gender equality in monitoring and evaluation systems
                                                                       6.2.  Gender equality and human rights responsive evaluations
                                                                           6.2.1. Considering gender equality in all steps of the evaluation process
                                                                  7.  ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED ACTION
                                                                  ANNEX 1. GENDER-RESPONSIVE EVALUATION QUESTIONS
                                                                  ANNEX 2. REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING
                                                                                               1
                                         GUIDANCE 1.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                         INTEGRATING GENDER EQUALITY IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
          1.  WHY THIS GUIDE?                                                                                                                   evaluations in alignment with United Nations System-wide                                                                              Gender mainstreaming, which is a strategy to achieve the 
          This guidance note explains why it is important to integrate                                                                          Policy on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women  aim of gender equality, should be used throughout the 
                                           1                                                                                                    (UN-SWAP).                                                                                                                            project’s lifecycle as required by the March 2005 Governing 
          gender equality  systematically into monitoring and 
          evaluation processes.                                                                                                                 In light of ILO’s mandate, managers of ILO technical                                                                                  Body discussion that requested the Office to ensure that 
                                                                                                                                                cooperation projects as well as programming and technical                                                                             all ILO technical cooperation programmes and projects 
                                                                                                                                                staff should be aware of the requirement to mainstream                                                                                systematically mainstream gender throughout the project 
            GENDER-RESPONSIVE MONITORING AND                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2 Intervention designs should therefore include the 
                                                                                                                                                gender in all activities.                                                                                                             cycle.
            EVALUATION SYSTEMS ARE AS IMPORTANT AS A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  following elements:
            GENDER-RESPONSIVE PROJECT DESIGN. GENDER-                                                                                           2. INTRODUCTION                                                                                                                       i.       Gender-responsive objectives, outcomes, outputs, 
            BLIND DESIGN PROJECTS CAN BE CORRECTED BY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          activities and gender-specific indicators;
            FORMULATING GENDER-INCLUSIVE INDICATORS                                                                                             The 1999 ILO Policy on Gender Equality and Mainstreaming 
            AND CONDUCTING GENDER-RESPONSIVE                                                                                                    states that as an organization dedicated to fundamental                                                                               ii.      Gender institutional structures set up under projects;
                                                                                                                                                human rights and social justice, ILO must take a leading                                                                              iii.     Involvement of both men and women in constituents’/
            EVALUATIONS, THEREAFTER KEEPING TRACK OF                                                                                            role in international efforts to promote and realize gender 
            THE PROJECT’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE GOAL OF                                                                                           equality. The policy specifically refers to evaluation as part of                                                                              beneficiaries’ consultations and analysis; 
            GENDER EQUALITY IN THE WORLD OF WORK                                                                                                the institutional mechanisms that will help in mainstreaming                                                                          iv.      Gender-responsive monitoring;
                                                                                                                                                gender.  Since then, several Actions plans have aimed to                                                                              v.       Terms of reference for evaluations, requiring the 
          It describes ILO’s mandate and policy on gender equality                                                                              support effective and inclusive gender-responsive delivery of                                                                                  inclusion of impact assessment on gender equality and 
          and briefly explains the relationship between gender                                                                                  the Decent Work Agenda by operationalizing the ILO Policy                                                                                      gender expertise in the evaluation team;
          equality and other human rights by underscoring key                                                                                   on Gender Equality and Mainstreaming. Objectives are                                                                                  vi.  Inclusion of an evaluation scope, criteria, questions 
          related concepts of the ILO’s evaluation strategy and the                                                                             reflected in the cross-cutting nature of gender equality in                                                                                    and gender-responsive methodology, tools and data 
          United Nations Evaluation Group Handbook Integrating                                                                                  accordance with, among recent policy documents, the ILO                                                                                        analysis, including sex-disaggregated data; 
          Human Rights and Gender Equality in Evaluation – Towards                                                                              Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work 
          UNEG Guidance. It also addresses the objectives of the                                                                                (1998 Declaration), the 2008 ILO Declaration on Social                                                                                vii.  Presentation of findings, conclusions and 
          institutional gender mainstreaming and gender-responsive                                                                              Justice for a Fair Globalization and the 2009 International                                                                                    recommendations reflecting a gender analysis. 
          analysis efforts as well as the responsibilities for ILO                                                                              Labour Conference (ILC) resolution concerning gender 
                                                                                                                                                equality at the heart of decent work. 
           1
                Whereas the main focus of the guidance note lies on gender, ways for monitoring and evaluation processes to be responsive to 
             other human rights are also reflected in this document.   
           2
                ILO Governing Body Document GB.292/TC/1 (2005) Thematic Evaluation Report: Gender Issues in Technical Cooperation.  
             Available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb292/pdf/tc-1.pdf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2
                                                            GUIDANCE 1.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                            INTEGRATING GENDER EQUALITY IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                3.  KEY CONCEPTS⁴                                                                                                                                                                                           decent employment and income; enhance the coverage 
                 “THE EXTENT TO WHICH ILO DEVELOPMENT                                                                                                                                                           Â GENDER is a socio-cultural variable that refers                                                                                                                                                           and effectiveness of social protection; and strengthen 
                 COOPERATION IGNORES GENDER PERSPECTIVES                                                                                                                                                                  to the comparative, relational or differential roles,                                                                                                                                             tripartism and social dialogue.
                 REINFORCES UNEQUAL POWER RELATIONS                                                                                                                                                                       responsibilities, and activities of females and males.                                                                                                                                   Â GENDER MAINSTREAMING recognizes that gender 
                 BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN IN LABOUR MARKETS                                                                                                                                                                  Whereas the sex of men and women is biologically-                                                                                                                                                 roles affect and are affected by any project, programme 
                 AND EXACERBATES WOMEN’S LOWER STATUS”                                                                                                                                                                    determined, gender roles are socially constructed.                                                                                                                                                and policy dealing in the social, political or economic 
                 ILO Action Plan for Gender Equality 2018–21                                                                                                                                                              Gender concerns power relationships between women                                                                                                                                                 realm.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          and men. Gender roles are culturally-based expectations                                                                                                                                    Mainstreaming gender has two elements:  the analytical 
              Decent Work and non-discrimination are key aspects of the                                                                                                                                                   about men’s and women’s identity and behaviour. It is                                                                                                                                             element (understanding power relations between men 
              human rights-based approach, which is one of the common                                                                                                                                                     important to recognize that gender roles vary among and                                                                                                                                           and women), and the normative element (creating 
              programming principles of the UN system. The Common                                                                                                                                                         within societies and can change over time.                                                                                                                                                        more gender equality so that women and men have 
              Country Assessment (CCA) and the United Nations                                                                                                                                                   Â GENDER EQUALITY: refers to the enjoyment of equal                                                                                                                                                         equitable access and control of productive resources 
              Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) documents                                                                                                                                                          rights, opportunities and treatment by women and men,                                                                                                                                             and benefits). Monitoring and evaluation support these 
              must mainstream principles of non-discrimination and                                                                                                                                                        and girls and boys, in all spheres throughout their lives.                                                                                                                                        two components by systematically analysing the effects 
              gender equality and pay particular attention to groups                                                                                                                                                      People’s rights, responsibilities, status and access to and                                                                                                                                       an intervention has on power relations between men 
              subject to discrimination and exclusion.                                                                                                                                                                    control over resources and benefits should not depend                                                                                                                                             and women, and on the goal of creating more gender 
              The ILO policy guidelines for results-based evaluation:                                                                                                                                                     on whether they are born male or female. Instead, every                                                                                                                                           equality; and by recommending actions to improve the 
              Principles, rationale, planning and managing for evaluations                                                                                                                                                person should be able to develop their interests and                                                                                                                                              effectiveness of an intervention to address the different 
              provide guidance on how to align monitoring and evaluation                                                                                                                                                  abilities and make choices that are free from limitations                                                                                                                                         needs of women and men and to contribute to greater 
              (M&E) activities of its Decent Work Country Programmes                                                                                                                                                      set by rigid expectations, responsibilities and roles based                                                                                                                                       gender equality.
              and projects with the UNEG Handbook³ that provides step-                                                                                                                                                    on stereotypes and discrimination.                                                                                                                                                       Â GENDER ANALYSIS is closely linked to the quality 
              by-step guidance on how to integrate these dimensions                                                                                                                                               ILO is committed to using a gender mainstreaming                                                                                                                                                          control of an intervention by ensuring that it adequately 
              throughout an evaluation process.                                                                                                                                                                           strategy when operationalizing its four strategic                                                                                                                                                 considers gender concerns throughout its planning and 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          objectives: promote and realize fundamental principles                                                                                                                                            implementation, regardless of whether the intervention 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          and rights at work; create opportunities to secure                                                                                                                                                explicitly targets the empowerment of women or gender 
              ³    Integrating Human Rights and Gender Equality in Evaluation - Towards UNEG Guidance
              ⁴    There are many tools and techniques for conducting gender analysis. The website of the ILO Gender, Equality and Diversity (GED) 
                   Branch provides a number of resources. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3
                                             GUIDANCE 1.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                             INTEGRATING GENDER EQUALITY IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
                  equality. Not adequately addressing gender concerns                                                                                         Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in                                                                                                  4.3  THE ILO’S POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY AND 
                  reduces the relevance, effectiveness and sustainability                                                                                     1995, the world’s governments agreed that the strategy                                                                                                            MAINSTREAMING
                  of an intervention. In fact, in the majority of cases, this                                                                                 of gender equality should be used to achieve gender                                                                                                 The ILO policy on gender equality and mainstreaming, 
                  further reinforces existing and unequal power relations                                                                                     equality. At the 2000 UN Millennium Summit, the 147                                                                                                 announced by the Director-General in 1999, states that 
                  between the sexes and can even exacerbate these and                                                                                         heads of government recognized that promoting gender                                                                                                mutually-reinforcing action to promote gender equality 
                  diminish women’s status.                                                                                                                    equality and the empowerment of women is a critical                                                                                                 should take place in staffing, substance and structure. 
          Â GENDER ANALYSIS REQUIRES: Sex-disaggregated                                                                                                       element for combating poverty and stimulating sustainable                                                                                           The ILO has a two-pronged approach toward promoting 
                  data — if no sex-disaggregated information is available,                                                                                    development. This commitment was reinforced through the                                                                                             gender equality. First, all policies, programmes and 
                  it should be generated; and mixed methods — the use of                                                                                      ECOSOC Declaration in 2006. The Millennium Development  activities must aim to systematically and formally address 
                  both quantitative and qualitative information. Quantitative                                                                                 Goals (MDGs) and now the 2030 Agenda reinforced                                                                                                     the specific and often different concerns of both women 
                  information helps to compare; qualitative information                                                                                       these commitments by including specific goals, targets                                                                                              and men, including women’s practical and strategic gender 
                  helps to capture the more complex and less quantifiable                                                                                     and indicators to reduce gender-equality deficits in human                                                                                                          8
                                                                                                                                                              development.                                                                                                                                        needs.   Second, targeted interventions – based on analysis 
                  causes and effects of gender inequality. A monitoring 
                  system that is gender responsive and collects timely                                                                                          4.2    THE ILO’S MANDATE ON GENDER EQUALITY
                  and appropriate data in a gender responsive manner is                                                                                       The ILO’s mandate on gender equality is established                                                                                                   “GED IS ACCOUNTABLE FOR SUPPORTING 
                  essential to make an evaluation gender responsive.                                                                                          through a number of International Labour Conventions –                                                                                                IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ILO GENDER EQUALITY 
                                                                                                                                                              especially the key gender equality Conventions mentioned                                                                                              POLICY TOGETHER WITH THE GENDER NETWORK 
          4.  ILO’S MANDATE AND POLICY ON                                                                                                                     in Section 4.1. The mandate is also informed by Resolutions                                                                                           – OF SENIOR GENDER SPECIALISTS, GENDER 
          GENDER EQUALITY                                                                                                                                     of the International Labour Conference in 19755, 19856,                                                                                               COORDINATORS AND FOCAL POINTS. ALL STAFF 
             4.1   GENDER EQUALITY AS A GLOBAL GOAL                                                                                                           19917,  as well as the 2004 Resolution on Gender Equality,                                                                                            ARE ACCOUNTABLE FOR MAINSTREAMING 
          Gender equality is globally recognized as a core human                                                                                              Pay Equity and Maternity Protection and the Resolution                                                                                                GENDER IN THEIR OWN WORK, IN ORDER TO 
          right included in international conventions and agreements,                                                                                         concerning Gender Equality at the Heart of Decent Work,                                                                                               SUPPORT THE CONSTITUENTS TO PROMOTE 
          such as the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human                                                                                                     adopted in June 2009 (for access see listing of resolutions                                                                                           GENDER EQUALITY”
          Rights and the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of all                                                                                            on Annex 2).  
          Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). At the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ILO Action Plan for Gender Equality, 2018-21
          5    ILO. 1975. Resolution concerning a Plan of Action with a View to Promoting Equality of Opportunity and Treatment for Women                     6   ILO, 1985. Resolution on equal opportunities and equal treatment for men and women in employment [Committee on Equality in                     8.   Practical gender needs refer to needs that arise because of women’s role in society but do not challenge that role, such as 
               Workers and Resolution concerning Equal Status and Equal Opportunity for Women and Men in Occupation and Employment                                Employment]. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1985/85B09_348_engl.pdf                                                             inadequacies in living conditions, water provision, health care, employment etc. Strategic gender needs refer to needs women 
               [Committee on Equality for Women Workers].  Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09734/09734%281975-60%29.                     7   ILO. 1991. Resolution concerning ILO action for women workers [Resolutions Committee]. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/                     identify for overcoming their subordinate position in society; they are related to gender divisions of labour, power and control, and 
               pdf                                                                                                                                                libdoc/ilo/P/09734/09734%281991-78%29.pdf                                                                                                           may include such issues as legal rights, gender-based violence, equal wages, etc.
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