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Contents Special Issue on Improving Human Nutrition Through Agriculture Based on the meeting on Improving Human Nutrition Through Agriculture: The Role of International Agricultural Research, held at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Philippines, 5–7 October 1999 Guest Editor: Howarth E. Bouis Foreword........................................................................................................................................................351 Conference overview and objectives Improving human nutrition through agricultural research: Overview and objectives —Per Pinstrup-Andersen.................................................................................................................................. 352 Disciplinary Perspectives on Agriculture–Nutrition Linkages Human nutrition perspective Overcoming micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: Is there a role for agriculture? —Barbara A. Underwood.................................................................................................................................. 356 Plant science perspective A new paradigm for world agriculture: productive, sustainable, nutritious, healthful food systems —Ross M. Welch and Robin D. Graham ......................................................................................................... 361 Economic perspective A conceptual framework for assessing agriculture–nutrition linkages —Lawrence Haddad....................367 Current Research by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Related to Human Nutrition Plant-breeding activities for staple foods The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Micronutrients Project: Justification and objectives —Howarth E. Bouis, Robin D. Graham, and Ross M. Welch.................................................................................................................................................... 374 Research on trace minerals Breeding for trace mineral density in rice —G. B. Gregorio, D. Senadhira, H. Htut, and R. D. Graham .............................................................................................................................................. 382 Research on trace minerals in the common bean —Stephen Beebe, Alma Viviana Gonzalez, and Judith Rengifo ............................................................................................................................................ 387 Breeding for trace minerals in wheat —Ivan Monasterio and Robin D. Graham......................................392 The potential for increasing the iron and zinc density of maize through plant-breeding —Marianne Bänziger and Jennifer Long.......................................................................................................... 397 Zinc and iron concentrations in seeds of wild, primitive, and modern wheats —I. Cakmak, H. Ozkan, H. J. Braun, R. M. Welch, and V. Romheld...............................................................401 Research on β-carotene Carotenoids in staple foods: Their potential to improve human nutrition —Robin D. Graham and Julia M. Rosser ......................................................................................................... 404 Iron, carotene, and ascorbic acid in cassava roots and leaves —A. L. Chavez, J. M. Bedoya, T. Sánchez, C. Iglesias, H. Ceballos, and W. Roca ............................................................................................ 410 Potential of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes for raising vitamin A intake in Africa —Vital Hagenimana and Jan Low .................................................................................................................... 414 Genetic variation in total carotene, iron, and zinc contents of maize and cassava genotypes —B. Maziya-Dixon, J. G. Kling, A. Menkir, and A. Dixon............................................................................... 419 Research on bioavailability Low-phytic-acid grains —Victor Raboy ....................................................................................................... 423 Testing iron and zinc bioavailability in genetically enriched beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a rat model —R. M. Welch, W. A. House, S. Beebe, D. Senadhira, G. B. Gregorio, and Z. Cheng..................................................................................................... 428 Measuring iron and zinc bioavailability in humans —J. C. King, C. M. Donangelo, L. R. Woodhouse, S. D. Mertz, D. M. Shames, F. E. Viteri, Z. Cheng, and R. M. Welch..................................434 A human feeding trial of iron-enhanced rice —Jere D. Haas, Angelita M. del Mundo, and John L. Beard............................................................................................................................................... 440 Lessons Learned from Past Experience and Future Prospects for the Use of Biotechnology The quality protein maize story —S. K. Vasal .............................................................................................. 445 Application of biotechnology to improving the nutritional quality of rice —Swapan Datta and Howarth E. Bouis ........................................................................................................... 451 Biotechnology and agriculture in today’s world —Ronald L. Phillips........................................................457 Increasing the Supply of Micronutrient-rich Foods Household-level economic and nutritional impacts of market-oriented dairy production in the Ethiopian highlands —Mohamed M. Ahmed, Mohammed Jabbar, and Simeon Ehui....................460 Integration of aquaculture into smallholder farming systems for improved food security and household nutrition —Mark Prein and Mahfuz Ahmed..................................................................466 The integrated research approach of the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) to enhance micronutrient availability —Mubarik Ali and Samson Tsou .............................472 Commercial vegetable and polyculture fish production in Bangladesh: Their impacts on household income and dietary quality —Howarth E. Bouis ..................................................................482 Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Africa: Antinutritional factors —K. F. Cardwell ...........................488 Improving the nutritional quality and yield potential of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) —A. M. Abd El-Moneim, B. van Dorrestein, M. Baum, and W. Mulugeta ....................................................493 Diversity for food security: Improving human nutrition through better evaluation, management, and use of plant genetic resources —H. Fassil, L. Guarino, S. Sharrock, BhagMal, T. Hodgkin, and M. Iwanaga ............................................................................................................................. 497 A comment on how the nutritional impact of agricultural innovations can be enhanced —Suttilak Smitasiri............................................................................................................................................ 503 Integrating Agricultural Interventions with Existing Micronutrient Programmes An in-depth case study of the Philippines (Asian perspective) The Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition: An overview —Corazon Barba ..........................................507 The Philippine micronutrient supplementation programme —Alex C. dela Cuadra ..............................512 Food fortification in the Philippines: Policies, programmes, issues, and prospects —Florentino S. Solon........................................................................................................................................ 515 Reducing micronutrient malnutrition: Policies, programmes, issues, and prospects—dietary diversification through food production and nutrition education —Elsa M. Bayani ...........................521 Possible contributions of the Philippine agricultural research system to improving human nutrition —Gelia T. Castillo.............................................................................................................................................. 527 Comments on possible contributions of the Philippine agricultural research system to improving human nutrition —Bienvenido Juliano.................................................................................................... 529 Other regional perspectives Micronutrient interventions: Options for Africa —Ifeyironwa Francisca Smith ......................................532 Micronutrient policies for agriculture in Latin America —Ricardo Bressani ............................................538 Agriculture for consumers: Experiences from Norway —Wenche Barth Eide ..........................................542 Agriculture–nutrition linkages and the US Department of Agriculture: A global view —Barbara O. Schneeman and Eileen Kennedy................................................................................................ 547 Conference Summary and Recommendations Improving human nutrition through agriculture: The role of international agricultural research. Conference summary and recommendations —Howarth E. Bouis........................................................550 Erratum.................................................................................................................................................................... 567 Books received ....................................................................................................................................................... 568 News and notes ..................................................................................................................................................... 569 Annex...................................................................................................................................................................... 570 The Food and Nutrition Bulletin encourages letters to the editor regarding issues dealt with in its contents. Food and Nutrition Bulletin Editor: Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw Assistant Editor: Ms. Edwina B. Murray Manuscripts Editor: Mr. Jonathan Harrington Associate Editor—Clinical and Human Nutrition: Dr. Irwin Rosenberg, Director, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA Associate Editor—Food Science and Technology: Dr. Ricardo Bressani, Institute de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Editorial Board: Dr. Abraham Besrat, Senior Academic Officer, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Hernán Delgado, Director, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala Dr. Cutberto Garza, Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell Uni- versity, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Dr. Joseph Hautvast, Secretary General, IUNS, Department of Human Nutri- tion, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands Dr. Peter Pellett, Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Uni- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA Dr. Zewdie Wolde-Gabreil, Director, Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dr. Aree Valyasevi, Professor and Institute Consultant, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 21, no. 4 © The United Nations University, 2000 United Nations University Press The United Nations University 53-70 Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel.: (03) 3499-2811 Fax: (03) 3406-7345 E-mail: mbox@hq.unu.edu ISSN 0379-5721 Design and Production by Desktop Publishing & Design Co., Newton, MA USA Printed by Webcom Ltd., Toronto, ON Canada
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