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Contents
Special Issue on Improving Human Nutrition Through Agriculture
Based on the meeting on Improving Human Nutrition Through Agriculture: The Role of International Agricultural
Research, held at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Philippines, 5–7 October 1999
Guest Editor: Howarth E. Bouis
Foreword........................................................................................................................................................351
Conference overview and objectives
Improving human nutrition through agricultural research: Overview and objectives
—Per Pinstrup-Andersen.................................................................................................................................. 352
Disciplinary Perspectives on Agriculture–Nutrition Linkages
Human nutrition perspective
Overcoming micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: Is there a role for agriculture?
—Barbara A. Underwood.................................................................................................................................. 356
Plant science perspective
A new paradigm for world agriculture: productive, sustainable, nutritious, healthful food systems
—Ross M. Welch and Robin D. Graham ......................................................................................................... 361
Economic perspective
A conceptual framework for assessing agriculture–nutrition linkages —Lawrence Haddad....................367
Current Research by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR) Related to Human Nutrition
Plant-breeding activities for staple foods
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Micronutrients
Project: Justification and objectives —Howarth E. Bouis, Robin D. Graham, and
Ross M. Welch.................................................................................................................................................... 374
Research on trace minerals
Breeding for trace mineral density in rice —G. B. Gregorio, D. Senadhira, H. Htut,
and R. D. Graham .............................................................................................................................................. 382
Research on trace minerals in the common bean —Stephen Beebe, Alma Viviana Gonzalez,
and Judith Rengifo ............................................................................................................................................ 387
Breeding for trace minerals in wheat —Ivan Monasterio and Robin D. Graham......................................392
The potential for increasing the iron and zinc density of maize through plant-breeding
—Marianne Bänziger and Jennifer Long.......................................................................................................... 397
Zinc and iron concentrations in seeds of wild, primitive, and modern wheats
—I. Cakmak, H. Ozkan, H. J. Braun, R. M. Welch, and V. Romheld...............................................................401
Research on β-carotene
Carotenoids in staple foods: Their potential to improve human nutrition
—Robin D. Graham and Julia M. Rosser ......................................................................................................... 404
Iron, carotene, and ascorbic acid in cassava roots and leaves —A. L. Chavez, J. M. Bedoya,
T. Sánchez, C. Iglesias, H. Ceballos, and W. Roca ............................................................................................ 410
Potential of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes for raising vitamin A intake in Africa
—Vital Hagenimana and Jan Low .................................................................................................................... 414
Genetic variation in total carotene, iron, and zinc contents of maize and cassava genotypes
—B. Maziya-Dixon, J. G. Kling, A. Menkir, and A. Dixon............................................................................... 419
Research on bioavailability
Low-phytic-acid grains —Victor Raboy ....................................................................................................... 423
Testing iron and zinc bioavailability in genetically enriched beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
and rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a rat model —R. M. Welch, W. A. House, S. Beebe,
D. Senadhira, G. B. Gregorio, and Z. Cheng..................................................................................................... 428
Measuring iron and zinc bioavailability in humans —J. C. King, C. M. Donangelo,
L. R. Woodhouse, S. D. Mertz, D. M. Shames, F. E. Viteri, Z. Cheng, and R. M. Welch..................................434
A human feeding trial of iron-enhanced rice —Jere D. Haas, Angelita M. del Mundo,
and John L. Beard............................................................................................................................................... 440
Lessons Learned from Past Experience and Future Prospects for the Use of
Biotechnology
The quality protein maize story —S. K. Vasal .............................................................................................. 445
Application of biotechnology to improving the nutritional quality of rice
—Swapan Datta and Howarth E. Bouis ........................................................................................................... 451
Biotechnology and agriculture in today’s world —Ronald L. Phillips........................................................457
Increasing the Supply of Micronutrient-rich Foods
Household-level economic and nutritional impacts of market-oriented dairy production in
the Ethiopian highlands —Mohamed M. Ahmed, Mohammed Jabbar, and Simeon Ehui....................460
Integration of aquaculture into smallholder farming systems for improved food security
and household nutrition —Mark Prein and Mahfuz Ahmed..................................................................466
The integrated research approach of the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center
(AVRDC) to enhance micronutrient availability —Mubarik Ali and Samson Tsou .............................472
Commercial vegetable and polyculture fish production in Bangladesh: Their impacts on
household income and dietary quality —Howarth E. Bouis ..................................................................482
Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Africa: Antinutritional factors —K. F. Cardwell ...........................488
Improving the nutritional quality and yield potential of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
—A. M. Abd El-Moneim, B. van Dorrestein, M. Baum, and W. Mulugeta ....................................................493
Diversity for food security: Improving human nutrition through better evaluation, management,
and use of plant genetic resources —H. Fassil, L. Guarino, S. Sharrock, BhagMal,
T. Hodgkin, and M. Iwanaga ............................................................................................................................. 497
A comment on how the nutritional impact of agricultural innovations can be enhanced
—Suttilak Smitasiri............................................................................................................................................ 503
Integrating Agricultural Interventions with Existing Micronutrient Programmes
An in-depth case study of the Philippines (Asian perspective)
The Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition: An overview —Corazon Barba ..........................................507
The Philippine micronutrient supplementation programme —Alex C. dela Cuadra ..............................512
Food fortification in the Philippines: Policies, programmes, issues, and prospects
—Florentino S. Solon........................................................................................................................................ 515
Reducing micronutrient malnutrition: Policies, programmes, issues, and prospects—dietary
diversification through food production and nutrition education —Elsa M. Bayani ...........................521
Possible contributions of the Philippine agricultural research system to improving human nutrition
—Gelia T. Castillo.............................................................................................................................................. 527
Comments on possible contributions of the Philippine agricultural research system to improving
human nutrition —Bienvenido Juliano.................................................................................................... 529
Other regional perspectives
Micronutrient interventions: Options for Africa —Ifeyironwa Francisca Smith ......................................532
Micronutrient policies for agriculture in Latin America —Ricardo Bressani ............................................538
Agriculture for consumers: Experiences from Norway —Wenche Barth Eide ..........................................542
Agriculture–nutrition linkages and the US Department of Agriculture: A global view
—Barbara O. Schneeman and Eileen Kennedy................................................................................................ 547
Conference Summary and Recommendations
Improving human nutrition through agriculture: The role of international agricultural research.
Conference summary and recommendations —Howarth E. Bouis........................................................550
Erratum.................................................................................................................................................................... 567
Books received ....................................................................................................................................................... 568
News and notes ..................................................................................................................................................... 569
Annex...................................................................................................................................................................... 570
The Food and Nutrition Bulletin encourages letters to the editor regarding issues dealt with in its contents.
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Editor: Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw
Assistant Editor: Ms. Edwina B. Murray
Manuscripts Editor: Mr. Jonathan Harrington
Associate Editor—Clinical and Human Nutrition:
Dr. Irwin Rosenberg, Director, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center
on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA
Associate Editor—Food Science and Technology:
Dr. Ricardo Bressani, Institute de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle de
Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Editorial Board:
Dr. Abraham Besrat, Senior Academic Officer, United Nations University,
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Hernán Delgado, Director, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and
Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
Dr. Cutberto Garza, Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, N.Y., USA
Dr. Joseph Hautvast, Secretary General, IUNS, Department of Human Nutri-
tion, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands
Dr. Peter Pellett, Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Uni-
versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA
Dr. Zewdie Wolde-Gabreil, Director, Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
Dr. Aree Valyasevi, Professor and Institute Consultant, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 21, no. 4
© The United Nations University, 2000
United Nations University Press
The United Nations University
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Tel.: (03) 3499-2811 Fax: (03) 3406-7345
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ISSN 0379-5721
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