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Environmental and Nutritional Diseases Drlina haffar Pr of pathology 1 Environmental and Nutritional Diseases • Health Effects of Climate Change • Injury by Physical Agents • Toxicity of Chemical and Physical • Mechanical Trauma Agents • Thermal Injury • Environmental Pollution • Electrical Injury • Air Pollution • Injury Produced by Ionizing • Metals as Environmental Pollutants Radiation • Industrial and Agricultural Exposures • Nutritional Diseases • Effects of Tobacco • Malnutrition • Effects of Alcohol • Severe Acute Malnutrition • Injury by Therapeutic Drugs and • Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Drugs of Abuse • Vitamin Deficiencies • Injury by Therapeutic Drugs: Adverse Drug • Obesity Reactions • Diet and Systemic Diseases • Injury by Nontherapeutic Agents (Drug • Diet and Cancer • Abuse) 2 Environmental and Nutritional Diseases • The term environmental disease refers to disorders caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents in the ambient, workplace, and personal environments, including diseases of nutritional origin. • Environmental diseases are surprisingly common. • The International Labor Organization has estimated that work-related injuries and illnesses kill more people per year globally than do road accidents and wars combined. 3 • HEALTHEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE • Global temperature measurements show that the earth has warmed significantly since the early 20th century, and especially since the mid-1960s. • Record-breaking global temperatures have become common, with 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2015 each setting successive high- temperature records. • Of note, 15 of the 16 warmest years since 1880 have occurred during the 21st century. • During 2015, the global land temperature was 0.9° C warmer than the 20th century average. 4
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