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5/16/2018 Translating Nutrition Guidelines For primary care visits Objectives Primary care staff/providers will be able to identify 3 reliable evidenced based nutrition resources on diabetes/prediabetes medical nutrition therapy principles. Primary care staff/providers can discuss current issues and fad diet therapy in diabetes medical nutrition therapy. Primary care staff/providers can identify when to refer patients for RDN consultation. What is a “Diabetic Diet” For patients, it is often what they have last heard from family, friends, hair salon, or seen on the internet. Ask how they define it. There is no “1 size fits all” medical nutrition therapy plan (MNT) for diabetes – Based on individualized assessment – Needs to meet basic nutritional needs as well as treatment goals – Must include preferences, available resources & cultural influences – Must maintain the pleasure of eating ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017; Newsflash DCE 2018 vol 39(1) 1 5/16/2018 ADA “…healthy eating can be defined as pattern of eating a wide variety of high‐quality, nutrient‐ dense foods in quantities that promote optimal health and wellness.” Why? Effectiveness of MNT –Sample of the literature Source # Studies Type MNT A1c Wt Lipid BP interventions reduction reduction reduction reduction AND N=18 (T2) RCTand Energy T2: T2: T2: T2: Evidence N=3 (T1) non‐ reduction, 3 mos: 0.3‐ 3 mos: 2.4‐ LDL: 8‐22 DBP:3.2‐ Analysis RCT nutrient 2% 6.4 kg mg/dl 2.5 mmHg Library, trials controlled, 2015 education, 12 mos: 6mos: TG: 15‐153 SBP: MNT methods 0.6‐1.8% 1.4‐6.2 kg mg/dl 5.3‐9 mm Hg T1: 12mos: 2.4 6 mos: 1.0‐ kg 1.9% ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017 “You get immediate benefits from eating healthy foods and exercising…and you get long‐term benefits” ‐ Martha Morris (Rush Univ Med Ctr) LA Times, 12/20/17, online edition 2 5/16/2018 “One should eat to live, not live to eat” ‐Benjamin Franklin Terminology Not Possibleinterpretation Recommended recommended Diet Perceived that you have to restrict Meal plan, food plan yourself, or you are overweight Non‐compliant Failure Involvement Adhere Obedient Participates Diabetic Labeled Personwith diabetes (PWD) Diabetes Spectrum, vol 31(1):59‐64, Winter 2018; 2017 AADE Media Guide: The Power of Language Highlights No ideal distribution of macronutrients has been identified Based on individual assessment Institute of Medicine (HMDNAM) Dietary Reference Intakes: – Carbohydrate 45‐65% of total calories – Protein 10‐35% of total calories – Fat 20‐35% of total calories ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017 3 5/16/2018 What is reality? DRI NHANESfood frequency survey, respondents with T2 DM Carb 45‐65% 43% Pro 10‐35% 16‐18% Fat 20‐35% 36‐40% *The frozen dessert theory* ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017 Reviews Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee –not necessary to eliminate food groups or adhere to a single dietary pattern of eating 2013 ‐Am J Clinic Nutrition: There may be a range of beneficial dietary options for people with Type 2 diabetes: ‐Mediterranean approach of 35‐55% carbohydrate was found to show improvement for CVD risk, and had the largest improvement in glucose management ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017 Carbohydrates DRIs set a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for carbohydrate of at least 130 g/d for adults and children Definitions (not consistent) – High carbohydrate diet: >55% of total calories – Low carbohydrate diet: <25% of total calories (<130 g/d) limited research on % make sure nutritional needs are met for diabetes MNT monitoring ingested carbohydrate (“carb counting”) due to the effects on insulin utilization/post‐prandial glucose levels has benefits, especially those using bolus insulin regimes don’t forget to evaluate other macronutrients / micronutrients ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, Mac Leod, Franz, Handu, et all, 2017; AND 2017; 117(10):1637‐1658. 4
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