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If you need to limit use heAlthy tips to shop, plan
potassium and prepare meals with less potassium
At home
• Don’t drink or use liquid from canned fruits, vegetables,
Potassium is a mineral that helps keep your heart and or cooked meat.
muscles working properly. • Eat a variety of foods, but in moderation.
Why limit potassium? • Serving size is very important. Almost all foods have some
potassium. A large amount of a low- potassium food can
Having too much potassium in your blood can cause: turn into a high-potassium food.
• heart attack At restaurants
• muscle weakness • Choose restaurants best suited to your diet or where food
• irregular heartbeat is made to order. Call ahead and explain that you are
How much is okay to eat? following a special diet. Ask about the menu and how their
Your doctor recommends eating less than: food is prepared. Many restaurants have websites with
menus posted.
YOUR GUIDE TO A _________ mg per day. • To have more choices when eating out, avoid higher-
Why food labels matter potassium fruits and vegetables during the day beforehand.
LOW-POTASSIUM DIET • Choose starches and vegetables that are lower in
reAd Food lAbels potassium (such as rice, noodles and green beans).
Reading food labels is a great way to see how much • Avoid french fries and other fried potatoes.
to find the best choice for your diet
potassium is in the food you buy, and help you adjust
your eating habits. Ask your doctor how much • For desserts:
potassium you should have each day. – Choose desserts with simple preparations to avoid
Serving size tells you what a single portion is. “hidden” phosphorus and potassium.
Serving size – Avoid desserts with chocolate, cream cheese, ice cream
tells you what Servings per container or nuts – they are high in potassium and phosphorus.
a single portion is. lists how many portions
Servings per container per container. ethnic foods
lists the number of servings For Chinese food
in each container. % Daily value is based • Choose lower-potassium vegetables such as snow peas,
on a 2,000 calorie daily diet. string beans, water chestnuts, bean sprouts and bok choy.
% Daily Value This number helps you know For Mexican food
is based on a 2,000-calorie if a food is high or low in a • Be cautious – Mexican food may be high in potassium.
daily diet. This number nutrient, even if you eat more • Beware of salsa. Salsa verde is a green sauce but
helps you know if a food is than 2,000 calories. is made of green tomatoes. Best choices: salsas made of
Potassium is an important nutrient found in high or low in a nutrient. chili peppers without tomatoes added.
many of the foods you eat. It helps your nerves, Potassium Potassium is not required • Avoid beans and rice. (Beans are high in potassium.)
muscles, and heart work the right way. But too is on food labels, so be sure to be listed by law. It is • Avoid guacamole. It is made from avocados, which are high
much potassium in your blood can be dangerous to look for it. listed here, but it may not in potassium.
and cause serious heart problems. be listed even if the product For Italian food
Ingredients contains potassium. • Avoid tomato sauces. Tomatoes are high in
Talk to a healthcare professional about the risks Listed in order potassium, but pasta is served with many sauces that are
of high potassium and how a low-potassium diet by weight, with not tomato-based. If you must select a dish with tomato
the item that’s used the In general, sauce, ask that it be served on the side.
can help. most listed first. % of potassium means:
For Soul food
Ingredients are listed • Lo w = Under 100 mg • Be cautious – Soul food is often high in potassium.
Know your potassium percentages: or less than 3%
Low: 3% = 100 mg or less in order by weight, with • Medium = 1 01–200 mg • Avoid black-eyed peas, dried beans, cooked greens, spinach,
Medium: 3%–6% = 101–200 mg the item of the most or 3–6% yams, and sweet potato pie. All are high in potassium.
Sponsored in part by: High: 6%–9% = 201–300 mg weight listed first. If • High = 20 1–300 mg • Best choices? Fried chicken (no skin), corn, string beans or
Very High: 9% = 300 mg or more potassium chloride is or 6–9% okra, wilted lettuce, corn bread or dinner rolls.
in the ingredient list, it • Very High = Over 300 mg
© 2018 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. 02-10-0410_EBB
has a high potassium or over 9%
content.
© 2010 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. 02-10-0410_EBB
High or low is good to know
Even “good” foods like fruit and vegetables can be
high in potassium. Use the lists below to find which
foods are high in potassium and which are low.
High-potassium foods Lower-potassium foods
Limit or avoid these foods in your diet. Include these in your diet in moderation.
Fruits Fruits
Bananas, melons, oranges, nectarines, kiwi, Apples, blueberries, cranberries,
mango, papaya, prunes, pomegranate grapes, grapefruit, peaches, pears,
Dates, dried fruits, dried figs pineapple, raspberries
Vegetables Vegetables
Avocados, broccoli, brussels sprouts, sweet Asparagus
potatoes, parsnips, pumpkin, vegetable Beans (green or wax)
juices, white potatoes, winter squash Cabbage and lettuce (iceberg)
Tomato and tomato-based products Carrots, celery
Deep-colored and leafy green vegetables Corn
(such as spinach or swiss chard) Cucumbers
Dried beans and peas, black beans, refried Eggplant
beans, baked beans, lentils, legumes Onions, radishes, turnips
Other Other
Milk, yogurt Rice, noodles, pasta, bread and bread
Nuts and seeds products (not whole grains)
Bran and bran products Angel cake, yellow cake, pies without
Chocolate, granola, molasses, peanut butter chocolate or high-potassium fruit, cookies
without nuts or chocolate
Guidelines for serving sizes
Dietitians who specialize in kidney disease can tell
you how many servings of each food you should have
at each meal. The list below can help, too.
Food groups Serving sizes Food groups Serving sizes
Protein Fats and oils
Meats, poultry, fish 1 oz cooked Oils, margarine 1 teaspoon
Note: 3 oz = about the size of your palm Mayonnaise 1 tablespoon
Dairy Salad dressing 2 tablespoons
Milk or milk substitute 4 oz or ½ cup Sweets
Egg 1 egg Cookie 1 cookie
Cheese 1 oz Ice cream, sorbet, gelatin ½ cup
Cake, 2 x 2 inches 1 piece
Grains Fruit pie 1/6 of 8-inch pie
Cooked pasta, rice 1/3 cup Sugar, jelly, jam 1 tablespoon
Cereal, cooked ½ cup
Cereal, ready to eat 1 cup Nuts, seeds, and legumes
Bread 1 slice Nuts ¼ cup or 1 oz
Hamburger bun ½ bun Seeds 2 tablespoons
Legumes, beans, peas, cooked ½ cup
Vegetables Peanut butter 2 tablespoons
Cooked ½ cup
Raw 1 med or 1 cup cut
Fruits Want to learn more about eating
Fresh fruit 1 small or ½ large a low-potassium diet?
Canned or frozen fruit ½ cup
Juices 4 oz or ½ cup Visit the National Kidney Foundation
Berries 1 cup at www.kidney.org.
Grapes, cherries 12 grapes or cherries
Choose meals with less
potassium
Limiting how much potassium you eat doesn’t mean you Ethnic foods
can’t enjoy a home-cooked meal or dine out—but it’s
important to know how to shop, plan, and prepare meals Chinese food
with less potassium. Choose lower-potassium vegetables such as snow
Remember: Serving size is important, as almost all foods peas, string beans, water chestnuts, bean sprouts,
have some amount of potassium. A large serving of a or bok choy
low-potassium food can turn into a high-potassium food.
Mexican food
At home Be cautious—Mexican food may be high in potassium
Don’t drink or use liquid from canned Beware of salsa—salsa verde is a green sauce but is
fruits, vegetables, or cooked meat made of green tomatoes. A better choice? Choose
Eat a variety of foods, but in moderation salsa made of chili peppers without tomatoes added
A void beans and guacamole—both are high in potassium
At restaurants Italian food
Choose restaurants best suited to your Avoid tomato sauces. Tomatoes are high in potassium,
diet or where food is made to order but pasta is served with many sauces that are not
Ask about the menu and how their food is prepared— tomato-based
many restaurants have websites with menus posted If you must select a meal with tomato sauce, ask that
To have more choices when eating out, avoid it be served on the side
higher potassium fruits and vegetables during Soul food
the day beforehand Be careful—soul food is often high in potassium
Choose starches and vegetables that are lower in Avoid these: black-eyed peas, dried beans, cooked
potassium (such as rice, noodles, and green beans) greens, spinach, yams, and sweet potato pie—all are
Avoid French fries and other fried potatoes high in potassium
Avoid desserts with: chocolate, ice cream, or nuts— Try these instead: fried chicken (no skin), corn, string
they’re high in potassium beans or okra, wilted lettuce, corn bread
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