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                                                     Ncert	solutions	for	class	10	social	science	economics	chapter	2	notes
  Class	10	Social	Science	Economics	Chapter	2	Economic	Development	The	answer	to	each	chapter	is	provided	in	the	list	so	that	you	can	easily	browse	throughout	different	chapters	Assam	Board	Class	10	Social	Science	Economics	Chapter	2	Economic	Development	and	select	needs	one.	Class	10	Social	Science	Economics	Chapter	2	Economic
  Development	Also,	you	can	read	the	SCERT	book	online	in	these	sections	Solutions	by	Expert	Teachers	as	per	SCERT	(CBSE)	Book	guidelines.	These	solutions	are	part	of	SCERT	All	Subject	Solutions.	Here	we	have	given	Assam	Board	SEBA	Class	10	Social	Science	Economics	Chapter	2	Economic	Development	Solutions	for	All	Subject,	You	can
  practice	these	here…	Economic	Development	Chapter:	2	ECONOMICS	VERY	SHORT	ANSWER	TYPE		QUESTIONS	Q	1.	Economic	growth.	Ans:	Economic	growth	is	a	qualitative	concept	that	deals	with	an	increase	in	output	of	time,	particularly	growth	in	per	capita	income.	Q	2.	Economic	development.	Ans	Economic	development	is	a	qualitative
  concept	that	deals	with	Economic	growth	as	well	as	changes	in	socially	and	economically	significant	areas.	Q	3.	Human	development.	Ans:	Human	development	means	the	expansion	of	collective	choice	of	the	people	which		include	economic,	social,	cultural	and	political	choices.	Q	4.	Economic	planning.	Ans	:	Economic	planning	is	the	instrument	to
  attain	a	set	of	well	defined	objectives	within	a	definite	time	period	as	determined	by	the	central	planning	agency.	Q	5.	Democratic	planning.	Ans	:	Democratic	planning	is	a	planning	in	which	there	is	active	participation	of	people	in	different	stages	of	plan-	making.	Q	6.	Liberation.	Ans	:	Liberation	means	the	lessening	or	relaxation	of	state	control	in	the
  economic	system	of	a	country.	Q	7.	Privatisation		Ans:	Privatisation	is	opening	up	of	the	public	sector	units	to		the	private	sector.	Q	8.	Globalisation.	Ans:	Globalisation	is	a	process	of	integration	of	the		economy	of	a	nation	with	the	economies	of	the	rest	of	the	world.	SHORT	ANSWER	TYPE	QUESTIONS	Q	1.	Mention	two	important	points	of	difference
  between	economic	growth	and	economic	development.	Ans:	The	different	between	economic	growth	and	economic	development	are:		Q	2.	What	are	three	indica	of	human	development?	Ans	:	The	Three	development	are:		(i)	Life	expectancy.	(ii)	Literacy.	(iii)	Standard	of	living	(	basically	accessibility	to	sanitation	and	pure	drinking	water)	Q	3.	What	is
  meant	by	expansion	of	collective	choice?		Ans	:	Expansion	of	collective	choice	is	the	primary	basis	of	human	development.	The	choice	of	people	is	the	core	of	human	development.	The	choice	of	the	people	include	economic,	social	,	cultural	and	political	choices.	There	are	three	factors	that	influence	collective	choice	of	the	people.	They	are:		(i)	Life
  expectancy.	(ii)	Literacy		(iii)	Standard	of	living	Q	4.	Mention	four	important	objectives	of	India’s	five	Year	pension:	The		Objectives	of	India’s	Five	Year	plans	are:		(i)	Increase	in	the	growth	rate	of	the	economy.	(ii)	Expansion	of	employment	opportunities.	(iii)	Eradication	of	poverty.	(iv)	Removal		of	regional	inequalities.	(v)	Elimination	of	socio-
  economic	inequalities.	(vi)	Ensure	sustainable	economic	development	without	harming	the	environment.	Note:	Students	shall	write	any	four	points	or	as	per	the	requirement	of	the	question	asked	in	examination.	Q	5.	Who	are	the	members	of	NITI	Aayog	?	Ans:	Following	are	the	members	of	NITI	Aayog	:		(i)	Prime	Minister	as	chairman.	(ii)	vice	–
  chairman	appointed	by	the	Prime	Minister.	(iii)	Three	full-time	members	having	expertise	in	their	field.		(iv)	Two	part-	time	members.	(v)	Maximum	four	Cabinet	Minister	appointments	as	ex	–	officio	members.	(vi)	One	IAS	officer	as	Chief	Executive	Officer.	(vii)	All	Chief	Ministers	of	states	and	Lieutenant	Governors	of	Union	Territories	as	members	of
  the	Executive	council.	Q	6.	Explain	one	of	the	main	points	of	difference	between	the	first	phase	of	planning	in	India	(	1951-52	to	1990-91)	and	the	second	phase	(1991-1992	to	the	present	day	).	Ans:	In	the	first	phase	of	planning	in	India	(1951-1990-91),	the	public	sector	played	a	dominant	role	in	the	economy.	On	the	other	hand	,	the	role	of	the	public
  sector	was	reduced	considerably	in	the	second	phase	(	1991-1992	to	the	present	day)	of	planning.	New	concepts	like	liberalisation,	privatisation	and	globalisation	gained	momentum	during	the	second	phase.	Q	7.	Briefly	explain	the	three	main	causes	of	the	introduction	of	economic	reform	measures	in	India.	Ans:	The	Three	main	cause	of	the
  introduction	of	economic	reform	measures	in	India	are:		(i)	Fiscal	deficit	:	Fiscal	deficit	is	an	economic	phenomenon	in	which	the	aggregate	public	expenditure	surpasses	the	aggregate	public	revenue.	Indian	economy		had	to	face	a	huge	huge	fiscal	deficit	during	the	first	phase	of	planning.	The	condition	of	the	public	sector	units	were	pathetic	in	this
  period.	In	fact	most	of	such	units	were	running	under	losses.	(ii)	Inflation:	Indian	economy	was	deeply	affected	by	Inflation	in	the	pre	–	economic	reform	period.	High	rate	of	inflation	had	an	adverse	impact	on	socially	and	economically	backward	people	with	limited	income.	(iii)	Balance	of	payment	:	Since	the	eighties,	Indian’s	balance	of		payment	was
  highly	disturbing.	The	net	outflow	of	capital	from	the	economy	was	high	while	the	net	inflow	of	capital	into	the	economy	was	on	a	decline.	Such	an	imbalance	in	the	flow	led	to	an	alarming	rise	in	the	foreign	trade	deficit.	Due	to	this	prevailing	situation,	the	World	Bank	recommends	that	the	Indian	government	make	structural	changes	in	the	economy.
  Thus	,	the	economic	reform	measures	were	introduced	in	India	by	the	Narasimha	Rao	government.	Q	8.	Mention	three	benefits	of	economic	reforms	in	India.	Ans	:	Three	benefits	of	economic	reforms	in	India	are:	(i)	Increased	rate	of	economic	growth:	Prior	to	the	introduction	of	economic	reforms,	the	annual	rate	of	economic	growth	was	3.5%	but	with
  the	new	reforms	applied,	the	annual	growth	rate	of	the	economy	stood	above	9%	From	2005	to	2008	,	and	around	7%	from	2009	to	2014.	(ii)	Wholesale	price	index	:	The	post	economic	reform	period	has	registered	a		downward	trend	in	wholesale	price	index	,	through	not	retail	price	index.	(iii)	Increase	in	foreign	exchange	reserve	:	In	1990-91in	india,
  the	amount	of	foreign	exchange	reserve	with	RBI	was	so	small	that	it	could	not	finance		only	15	days	of	import.	However	,	this	amount	Increased	to	$328.7billion	in	March	2015	which	could	cover	7	covers	of	imports.	Thus,	there	has	been	a	considerable	rise	in	foreign	reserves		after	the	introduction	of	economic	reforms.	Q9.	Briefly	explain	two
  problems	of	economic	reforms	in	India.	Ans:	The	problems	of	economic	reforms	in	India	are:		(i)	Limited	purchasing	power	:	As	a	result	of	economic	reforms,	there	is	a	substantial	rise	in	the	extent	and	intensity	of	competition	However,such	benefits	cannot	be	availed	by	the	common	man	due	to	the	death	of	purchasing	power.	(ii)	Excessive
  consumerism	:	Due	to	excessive	consumerism,	the	social	values	are	threatened	to	be	eroded	with	money	playing	a	dominating	role.	(iii)	Management	of	globalisation	:	In	the	past	few	years,	the	need	for	management	of	globalisation	has	been	felt.	Under	no	circumstances,	globalisation	and	national	national	interest	should	collide	with	each	other.	(iv	)
  Need	for	good	governance	:	The	benefits	of	economic	reforms	can	reach	the	weaker	section	of	society	only	if	there	is	good	governance.	Note:	Students	shall	write	any	two	points	or	as	per	the	requirement	of	the	question	asked	in	the	examination.	Q10.	Mention	five	important	objectives	of	Assam’s	Twelfths	Five	Year	plan.	Ans:	The	important	objectives
  Of	Assam’s	Twelfths	Five	Year	plan	are	:	(i)	To	accelerate	the	rate	of		annual	economic	growth	to10%	in	the	coming	decades	so	as	to	remove	the	gap	between	Assam’s		economy	and	the	economy	of	the	best	Indian	states.	(ii)	To	formulate	schemes	for	poverty	eradication.	(iii)	To	frame	measures	for	Controlling	flood	and	erosion	by	means	of	up	–		to	
  date	technology	and	scientific	management.	(iv)	To	Increase	the	rate	of	agricultural	growth	from	6%	to	8%.	(v)	To	attain	self	–	sufficient	in	power	generation	by	employment	of	last	technology	in	power	supply	and	distribution.	(vi)	To	accelerate	the	value	of	Assam’s		human	development	index	by	increasing	the	amount	of	investment	in	the	health	and
  education	sector.	(vii)	To	prioritize	skill	formation	for	expansion	of	self	employment	opportunities	and	growth	of	micro,	small	and	medium	industries	as	well	as	cottage	Industries.	(viii)	To	take	measures	of	converting	biodiversity	and	dealin	with	the	problems		of	climate	change.	(ix)	To	ensure	good	governance	in	the	state	and	local	bodies	,	e.g.
  panchayat,	municipalities,	etc.	Note	:	Students	shall	write	any	five	points	or	per	the	requirement	of	question	asked	in	the	examination.	Hi,	I’m	Dev	Kirtonia,	Part-Time	Blogger,	Web	Designer	&	Digital	Marketer.	Founder	of	Dev	Library.	A	website	that	provide	all	SCERT,	NCERT	Notes	&	Suggestions,	Novel,	eBooks,	Biography,	Study	Materials,	and
  more…	CBSE,	NCERT,	JEE	Main,	NEET-UG,	NDA,	Exam	Papers,	Question	Bank,	NCERT	Solutions,	Exemplars,	Revision	Notes,	Free	Videos,	MCQ	Tests	&	more.	Install	NowCBSE	class	10	Social	Science	Chapter	2	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	notes	in	PDF	are	available	for	free	download	in	myCBSEguide	mobile	app.	The	best	app	for
  CBSE	students	now	provides	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	class	10	Notes	latest	chapter	wise	notes	for	quick	preparation	of	CBSE	board	exams	and	school	based	annual	examinations.	Class	10	Social	Science	notes	on	Chapter	2	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	are	also	available	for	download	in	CBSE	Guide	website.CBSE	Guide
  Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	class	10	NotesCBSE	guide	notes	are	the	comprehensive	notes	which	covers	the	latest	syllabus	of	CBSE	and	NCERT.	It	includes	all	the	topics	given	in	NCERT	class	10	Social	Science	text	book.	Users	can	download	CBSE	guide	quick	revision	notes	from	myCBSEguide	mobile	app	and	my	CBSE	guide	website.10
  Social	Science	notes	Chapter	2	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	EconomyDownload	CBSE	class	10th	revision	notes	for	Chapter	2	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	in	PDF	format	for	free.	Download	revision	notes	for	Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	class	10	Notes	and	score	high	in	exams.	These	are	the	Economics-Sectors	of	the
  Indian	Economy	class	10	Notes	prepared	by	team	of	expert	teachers.	The	revision	notes	help	you	revise	the	whole	chapter	in	minutes.	Revising	notes	in	exam	days	is	on	of	the	best	tips	recommended	by	teachers	during	exam	days.CBSE	Class	10	Social	Science	Revision	Notes	Economics	Chapter	–	2	SECTORS	OF	THE	INDIAN	ECONOMYSECTORS	OF
  ECONOMIC	ACTIVITIES:1.	There	are	many	activities	that	are	undertaken	by	directly	using	natural	resources.	2.	For	example,	the	cultivation	of	cotton.	It	takes	place	within	a	crop	season.	3.	When	we	produce	a	good	by	exploiting	the	natural	resources,	it	is	an	activity	of	primary	sector.	4.	This	is	because	it	forms	the	base	for	all	other	products	that	we
  subsequently	make.	5.	Since	most	of	the	natural	products	we	get	are	from	agriculture,	dairy,	fishing,	forestry,	this	sector	is	also	called	agriculture	and	related	sector.	6.	The	secondary	sector	covers	activities	in	which	natural	products	are	changed	into	other	forms	through	ways	of	manufacturing	that	we	associate	with	industrial	activity.	It	is	the	next
  step	after	the	primary.	7.	Secondary	sector	gradually	becomes	associated	with	the	different	kinds	of	industries	that	came	up,	it	is	called	as	industrial	sector.	8.	After	primary	and	secondary,	there	is	a	third	category	of	activities	that	fall	under	tertiary	sector	and	is	different	from	the	above	two.	These	are	activities	that	help	in	the	development	of	the
  primary	and	the	secondary	sector.	9.	Transport,	storage,	communication,	banking,	trade	are	some	examples	of	the	tertiary	sector.	Since	these	activities	generate	services	rather	than	goods,	the	tertiary	sector	is	also	called	the	service	sector.COMPARING	THE	THREE	SECTORS:	1.	The	various	production	activities	in	the	primary,	secondary	and
  tertiary	sectors	produce	a	very	large	number	of	goods	and	services.	2.	Also,	the	three	sectors	have	a	large	number	of	people	working	in	them	to	produce	these	goods	and	services.	3.	There	is	one	precaution	one	has	to	take.	Not	every	good	that	is	produced	and	sold	also	needs	to	be	counted.	4.	It	makes	sense	only	to	final	goods	and	services.	5.	For
  instance,	a	farmer	who	sells	wheat	to	a	flour	mill	for	Rs.	8	per	Kg.	The	mill	grinds	the	wheat	and	sells	the	flour	to	a	biscuit	company	for	Rs.	10	per	Kg.	6.	Intermediate	goods	are	used	up	in	producing	final	goods	and	services.	The	value	of	final	goods	that	are	used	in	making	the	final	goods.	7.	The	value	of	final	goods	and	services	produced	in	each
  sector	during	a	particular	year	provides	the	total	production	of	the	sector	for	that	year.	8.	The	sum	of	production	in	the	three	sectors	gives	what	is	called	Gross	Domestic	Product	(GDP)	of	the	country.	9.	It	is	the	value	of	all	final	goods	and	services	produced	within	a	country	during	a	particular	year.	GDP	shows	how	big	the	economy	is.PRIMARY,
  SECONDARY	AND	TERTIARY	SECTORS	IN	INDIA:1.	Over	the	forty	years	between	1971-72	and	2011-12,	while	production	in	all	the	three	sectors	has	increased,	it	has	increased	the	most	in	the	tertiary	sector.2.	As	a	result,	in	the	year	2011-12	the	tertiary	sector	has	emerged	as	the	largest	producing	sector	has	emerged	as	the	largest	producing	sector
  in	India	replacing	the	primary	sector.3.	There	could	be	several	reasons	why	tertiary	sector	becoming	so	important	in	India.(i)	First,	in	any	country	several	services	such	as	hospitals,	educational	institutions,	post	and	telegraph	services	etc.	are	required.	These	can	be	considered	as	basic	services.	In	a	developing	country,	the	government	has	to	take
  responsibility	for	the	provision	of	these	services.(ii)	Second,	the	development	of	agriculture	and	industry	leads	to	the	development	of	services	such	as	transport,	trade,	storage	and	the	like,	as	we	have	already	seen.(iii)	Third,	as	income	levels	rise,	certain	sections	of	people	start	demanding	many	more	services	like	eating	out,	tourism,	shopping,	private
  hospital,	private	school.(iv)	Fourth,	over	the	past	decade	or	so,	certain	new	services	such	as	those	based	on	information	and	communication	technology	have	become	important	and	essential.4.	A	remarkable	fact	about	India	is	that	while	there	has	been	a	change	in	the	share	of	the	three	sectors	in	GDP,	a	similar	shift	has	not	taken	place	in
  employment.5.	The	primary	sector	continues	to	be	the	largest	employer	even	now.6.	More	than	half	of	the	workers	in	the	country	are	working	in	the	country	are	working	in	the	primary	sector,	mainly	in	agriculture,	producing	only	a	quarter	of	the	GDP.7.	The	secondary	and	tertiary	sectors	produce	three-fourth	of	the	produce	whereas	they	employ	less
  than	half	the	people.8.	It	means	that	there	are	more	people	in	agriculture	than	is	necessary.	So,	even	if	you	move	a	few	people	out,	production	will	not	be	affected.	In	other	words,	workers	in	the	agricultural	sector	are	under-employed.9.	The	underemployment	is	hidden	in	contrast	to	someone	who	does	not	have	a	job	and	is	clearly	visible	as
  unemployed.	Hence,	it	is	also	called	disguised	unemployment.10.	We	see	other	people	of	the	service	sector	on	the	street	pushing	a	cart	or	selling	something	where	they	may	spend	the	whole	day	but	earn	very	little.11.	They	are	doing	this	work	because	they	do	not	have	better	opportunities.How	to	Create	More	Employment?1.	Away	by	which	we	can
  tackle	this	problem	is	to	identify,	promote	and	locate	industries	and	a	large	number	of	people	may	be	employed.	2.	A	study	conducted	by	the	Planning	Commission	estimates	that	nearly	20	lakh	jobs	can	be	created	in	the	education	sector	alone.	3.	Every	state	or	region	has	the	potential	for	increasing	the	income	and	employment	for	people	in	that	area.
  4.	The	same	study	by	the	Planning	Commission	says	that	if	tourism	as	a	sector	is	improved,	every	year	we	can	give	additional	employment	to	more	than	5	lakh	people.	5.	We	must	realize	that	some	of	the	suggestions	discussed	above	would	take	a	long	time	to	implement.	6.	Recognizing	this,	the	central	government	in	India	made	a	law	implementing	the
  Right	to	Work.	7.	Mahatma	Gandhi	National	Rural	Employment	Guarantee	Act	2005	(MGNREGA	2005).	8.	Under	MGNERGA	2005,	all	those	who	are	able	to,	and	are	in	need	of,	work	are	guaranteed	100	days	of	employment	in	a	year	by	the	government.	9.	If	the	government	fails	in	its	duty	to	provide	employment,	it	will	give	unemployment	allowances
  to	the	people.DIVISION	OF	SECTORS	AS	ORGANISED	AND	UNORGANISED:	1.	The	organized	sector	covers	those	enterprises	or	places	of	work	where	the	terms	of	employment	are	regular	and	therefore,	people	have	assured	work.	2.	It	is	called	organized	because	it	has	some	formal	processes	and	procedures.	3.	The	unorganized	sector	is
  characterized	by	small	and	scattered	units	which	are	largely	outside	the	control	of	the	government.	4.	Jobs	here	are	low-paid	and	often	not	regular.	Employment	is	not	secure.	5.	This	sector	includes	a	large	number	of	people	who	are	employed	on	their	own	doing	small	jobs	such	as	selling	on	the	street	or	doing	repair	work.How	to	Protect	Workers	in
  the	Unorganized	Sector?1.	The	organized	sector	offers	jobs	that	are	the	most	sought-after.	2.	It	is	also	common	to	find	many	organized	sector	enterprises	in	the	unorganized	sector.	3.	Since	the	1990s,	it	is	also	common	to	see	a	large	number	of	workers	losing	their	jobs	in	the	organized	sector.	4.	In	the	rural	areas,	the	unorganized	sector	mostly
  comprises	of	landless	agriculture	labourers,	small	and	marginal	farmers,	sharecroppers	and	artisans.	5.	Nearly	80%	of	rural	households	in	India	are	in	small	and	marginal	farmer	category.	6.	In	the	urban	areas,	unorganized	sector	comprises	mainly	of	workers	in	the	small-scale	industry,	casual	workers	in	the	construction,	trade	and	transport	etc.,	and
  those	who	work	as	street	vendors,	head	load	workers,	garment	makers,	rag	pickers	etc.SECTORS	IN	TERMS	OF	OWNERSHIP:	PUBLIC	AND	PRIVATE	SECTORS:1.	In	the	public	sector,	the	government	own	most	of	the	assets	and	provide	all	services.	2.	In	the	private	sector,	ownership	of	assets	and	delivery	of	services	is	in	the	hands	of	private
  individuals	or	companies.	3.	Activities	in	the	private	sector	are	guided	by	the	motive	to	earn	profits.	4.	The	purpose	of	the	public	sector	is	not	just	to	earn	profits.	5.	Governments	raise	money	through	taxes	and	other	ways	to	meet	expenses	on	the	services	rendered	by	it.	6.	There	are	several	things	needed	by	the	society	as	a	whole	but	which	the	private
  sector	will	not	provide	at	a	reasonable	cost.	7.	Collecting	the	money	from	thousands	of	people	who	use	these	facilities	is	not	easy.	8.	Even	if	they	provide	these	things	they	would	charge	a	high	rate	for	their.	9.	Thus,	governments	have	to	undertaken	such	heavy	spending	and	ensure	that	these	facilities	are	available	for	everyone.	10.	There	are	some	of
  the	activities,	which	the	government	has	to	support.	11.	The	private	sector	may	not	continue	their	production	or	business	unless	government	ensures	it.	12.	The	government	has	to	bear	part	of	the	cost.	13.	There	are	a	large	number	of	activities	which	are	the	primary	responsibility	of	the	government.	The	government	must	spend	on	these.	Providing
  health	and	education	facilities	for	all	is	one	example.	14.	The	government	also	needs	to	pay	attention	to	aspects	of	human	development.	15.	It	is	also	the	duty	of	the	government	to	take	care	of	the	poorest	and	most	ignored	regions	of	the	country	through	increased	spending	in	such	areas.Economics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	class	10	NotesCBSE
  Revision	notes	(PDF	Download)	FreeCBSE	Revision	notes	for	Class	10	Social	Science	PDFCBSE	Revision	notes	Class	10	Social	Science	–	CBSECBSE	Revisions	notes	and	Key	Points	Class	10	Social	ScienceSummary	of	the	NCERT	books	all	chapters	in	Social	Science	class	10Short	notes	for	CBSE	class	10th	Social	ScienceKey	notes	and	chapter
  summary	of	Social	Science	class	10Quick	revision	notes	for	CBSE	board	examsCBSE	Class-10	Revision	Notes	and	Key	PointsEconomics-Sectors	of	the	Indian	Economy	class	10	Notes.	CBSE	quick	revision	note	for	Class-10	Social	Science,	Chemistry,	Maths,	Biology	and	other	subject	are	very	helpful	to	revise	the	whole	syllabus	during	exam	days.	The
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