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File: Education Pdf 113710 | Yoga Item Download 2022-10-02 01-11-02
tamil nadu teachers education university chennai 600 097 course material for b ed second year course 11 yoga health and physical education optional course prepared by unit i yoga and ...

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                        TAMIL NADU TEACHERS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY 
                                                   Chennai-600 097 
                                                               
                                           Course Material for B.Ed (Second Year) 
                                                                      
                      COURSE 11:  YOGA, HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 
                                                   (Optional Course) 
                                                                   
                                                                   
                                                           Prepared by 
                      
              UNIT – I      :    YOGA AND ASANAS  
               UNIT - II    :    HEALTH  EDUCATION 
              UNIT - III  :    COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND LIFE STYLE DISORDER 
                                  Dr.M.Govindan, Professor and Head 
                                  Dr.V.Vasudevan,                       Dr.T.Sivasakthi Rajammal 
                                  Dr.P.N.Lakshmi Shanmugam         Mr.S.Balamurugan 
                                                        Assistant Professors   
                      
              Unit IV         :    PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE 
              Unit - V      :    ORGANISING COMPETITIONS 
                                 Dr.M.Sheela Lilly Angeline  
                                 Directress of Physical Education 
                                 N.K.T National College of Education for Women,  
                                Chennai - 600 005.       
               
                                                               
                                                               
                                        Department of Educational Psychology 
                                      Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University 
                                                     Chennai-600 097 
                                                               
                              COURSE 11:  YOGA, HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 
                                                     (Optional Course) 
                                                               
                                                               
                                                     UNIT – I: YOGA AND ASANAS  
              Objectives: 
              After completion of this unit, the learner will be able to, 
                  1.  understand the definitions and the concepts of yoga. 
                  2.  describe the historical development of yoga in India. 
                  3.  know the major schools of yoga. 
                  4.  demonstrate the different stages of the Surya Namaskar. 
                  5.  name the different types of Asanas. 
                  6.  analyse the preventive and curative effects of yoga. 
              Meaning and Concept of Yoga 
              The term ‘Yoga’ is derived from the Sanskrit verb ‘YUJ’ meaning ‘to join’ or ‘to yoke’ or ‘to unite’ or 
              ‘to integrate’ which means total integration of the physical, mental, intellectual and spiritual aspects of 
              human personality. 
              “Yoga is the unification of the individual psyche (Jivatma) with the transcendental (Paramatman)” - 
              Yoga Yajnavalkya.                                
              Jesus Christ says “the physical body (the Stula Sharir) is the living temple of the God”. 
              “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God”- says Christ. 
              Patanjali defines yoga as complete suppression of all mental modes or process (Cittaorttinivodha). 
              Vyasa defines yoga as absorptive concentration (samadhi). It is a universal attribute of the mind. All 
              persons can attain yoga by repeated practice (abhyasa) and detachment (vairagya). 
              Swami Sathyananda Saraswati (1999) in his book, “Asana Pranayama Mudhra Bandha”, comments that 
              yoga is not an ancient myth buried in oblivion. It is the most valuable inheritance of the present. It is the 
              essential need of today and the culture of tomorrow. 
              Hassanagas (1996) concluded that  
                  ·  Practicing yoga helps in improving the general health of the volunteers. 
                Course-11: Yoga, Health and Physical Education,TNTEU                                                                                             2 
               
                     ·   The psycho- condition is reinforced and the mental capabilities are increased. The concentration 
                         and  memory  are  developed.  Self-confidence,  self-discipline  and  working  capabilities  are 
                         increased. 
                     ·   The capability for removing the psycho-physical fatigue is increased. 
                     ·   The number of injuries is decreased as a result of increase of the self-consciousness, self-control 
                         of the body and brain. 
                     ·   The number of absences due to illness is decreased. 
                     ·   The efficiency and the productivity increases leading to profits.  
                 Nedungode V. Haridas (1996) in his article, “Physiological and Philosophical aspects of Yoga” states 
                 that  “Yoga science is a well-proven treasure and it is up to us to tap the yoga power to relax and 
                 rejuvenate  our  mind,  increase  our  physical  strength,  expand  our  spiritual  awareness,  improve  our 
                 concentration, help our body to use oxygen and nutrients more effectively and to prevent illness and 
                 retard old-age”. 
                 Hemalatha Murthy (1996) in her article, “Management of Respiratory Diseases by Yoga” states that 
                 yoga gives us solace, confidence, redeems all our miseries, obsession and conflicts. It is suitable to all 
                 and all times. It helps the persons to change their attitudes and bring a tremendous change in way of life, 
                 which is simple and which is very necessary, unless, there is no true solution to all the problems and 
                 illness. Right knowledge of yoga burns out the likes and dislikes, ego and ignorance and there is an 
                 establishment of pure bliss, which is natural state of a being. 
                 Manchanda (2001) conducted a Research study of Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease through Prekasha 
                 Meditation  with  Reference  to  Coronary  Atherosclerosis  Reversal  Potential  of  Yoga  Life  Style 
                 Intervention among 42 male patients. The results of the study, reveals that, in the yoga group, 3 (5%) 
                 Lesions showed progression, 46 (75%) Lesions showed no change while 12 (20%) lesions showed 
                 regression. In the control group 22 (37%) lesions showed progression, 36 (61%) showed no change 
                 while 1 (2%) showed regression. Yoga lifestyle intervention is beneficial in improving the symptoms 
                 and exercise capacity, lowering weight and serum lipid levels. It also retards the progression of coronary 
                 atherosclerosis in patients with sure coronary artery diseases and reduces revascularization procedures.  
                 Origin and History of Development of Yoga 
                 Yoga means the classical Yoga system as set forth by Patañjali in the Yoga Sūtras. Patañjali taught an 
                 eightfold (aṣṣāṣga) system of Yoga emphasizing an integral spiritual development including ethical 
                 disciplines (Yama and Niyama), postures (Āsana), controlling and harmonizing the breath (Prāṇāyāma), 
                   Course-11: Yoga, Health and Physical Education,TNTEU                                                                                             3 
                  
       control  of  the  senses  (Pratyāhāra),  concentration  (Dhāraṇā),  meditation  (Dhyāna)  and  absorption 
       (Samādhi). This constitutes a complete and integral system of spiritual training.  
       However, classical Yoga was part of the Vedic tradition. Patañjali was only a compiler of the teachings 
       at a later period. Yogic teachings covering all aspects of Patañjali Yoga are common in literature prior to 
       Patañjali like in the Purāṣas, the Mahābhārata and the Upaniṣads. The instigator of the Yoga system is 
       said to be Hiraṣyagarbha, who represent the creative and evolutionary force of the universe. 
       Yoga can be traced back to the ṣgveda itself, the oldest vedik text which speaks about yoking our mind 
       and insight to the light of Truth or Reality. Great teachers of early Yoga include the names of many 
       famous Vedic sages like Vasiṣṣha, Yajñavalkya, and Jaigiśavya. The greatest of the Yogis is always 
       said to be Yogeśvara Krishna himself, the propounder of Bhagavadgītā, which is called as Yoga Śāstra – 
       an authoritative work on Yoga. 
       Origin of Yoga and the Indus Valley Civilization 
       The stone seals excavated from the sites of the Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.) depicting figures in 
       yogic postures indicate that Yoga was being practised even during 3000 B.C. 
       The first  indication  of  body-culture  in  Yoga  is  to  be  traced  through  the  word  Āsana  (posture)  and 
       Prāṣāyāma  (the  regulation,  conservation  and  control  of  bio-energy).  But  since,  we  are  concerned 
       primarily with postures, let us go to its origin. This involves not only how posture training came to be 
       regarded  as  a  physical  requisite  for  Yoga  but  also  how  its  later  development  aided  the  most 
       comprehensive evolution of namely physical training, hygiene, social medicine, and therapeutics. 
       In the evolution of Āsana and its synthesis, besides the original prayer and meditative poses, certain 
       other postures have also been included which have been found to be definitely useful in the development 
       of the physical and meditative aspects of the individual’s personality. A series of dynamic variations has 
       been added to the static Āsanas to enlarge the scope of application and meet the varied requirements.  
       Yoga has been part of man's activities directed towards higher spiritual achievements in India. The 
       history of Yoga is divided into five categories: 
           Vedic period 
           Pre-classical period 
           Classical period 
           Yoga in Medieval Times 
           Yoga in Modern Times 
        Course-11: Yoga, Health and Physical Education,TNTEU                                                                                             4 
        
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...Tamil nadu teachers education university chennai course material for b ed second year yoga health and physical optional prepared by unit i asanas ii iii communicable diseases life style disorder dr m govindan professor head v vasudevan t sivasakthi rajammal p n lakshmi shanmugam mr s balamurugan assistant professors iv exercise organising competitions sheela lilly angeline directress of k national college women department educational psychology objectives after completion this the learner will be able to understand definitions concepts describe historical development in india know major schools demonstrate different stages surya namaskar name types analyse preventive curative effects meaning concept term is derived from sanskrit verb yuj join or yoke unite integrate which means total integration mental intellectual spiritual aspects human personality unification individual psyche jivatma with transcendental paramatman yajnavalkya jesus christ says body stula sharir living temple god bl...

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