THE NATIONAL                 SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM  
                       ASSEMBLY                     Independence - Freedom - Happiness  
                          --------                             ---------------- 
                        No. 74/2014/QH13                             Hanoi, November 27, 2014 
                        
                                                         LAW 
                                          ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION  
                      Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;  
                      The National Assembly issues a Law on vocational education. 
                                                      Chapter I 
                                              GENERAL PROVISIONS  
                      Article 1. Scope 
                      This Law promulgates the system of vocational training; organization and 
               operation  of  the  vocational  training  institutions;  rights  and  obligations  of 
               organizations and individuals involved in the vocational training. 
                      Article 2. Regulated entities  
                      This  Law  shall  be  applied  to  vocational  training  centers,  vocational 
               secondary  schools,  colleges;  enterprises  and  agencies,  organizations,  and 
               individuals involved in the vocational training in Vietnam. 
                      Article 3. Interpretation of terms  
                      For the purposes of this Law, these terms below shall be construed as follow: 
                      1. Vocational education means a level of national education system which 
               provides   workers  with  elementary-level,  intermediate-level,  college-level 
               vocational training and other vocational training programs in order to meet the 
               demand  of  human  resources  in  production,  businesses  and  services,  including: 
               formal training and continuing training. 
                      2.  Vocational  training  means  teaching  and  learning  activities  in  order  to 
               equip trainers with necessary vocational knowledge, skills and attitudes so that they 
       can find jobs or self-employ after completing their training courses or improve their 
       vocational training levels. 
         3. Module means study units integrated comprehensively between vocational 
       knowledge, practicing skills and attitudes in that the participants need to perform a 
       task or some tasks of a particular job. 
         4.  Credit  means  a  unit  that  measures  the  knowledge,  skill,  and  result 
       requirements taken in a certain time. 
         5.  Formal  training  means  a  form  of  training  which  vocational  training 
       institutions and higher education institutions, or enterprises registering vocational 
       training  operation  (hereinafter  referred  to  as  vocational  training  institutions) 
       provide full-time courses in elementary-level, intermediate-level, and college-level 
       vocational training. 
         6. Continuing training means a form of in-service training, correspondence 
       training,  or  guided  self  study  training  regarding  vocational training programs at 
       elementary  level,  intermediate  level,  or  college-level  or  vocational  training 
       programs and other vocational training programs, which is in a flexible manner in 
       terms of programs, duration, methods, location to meet students’ needs. 
         7.  Private  vocational  training  institution  or  non-profit  foreign-invested 
       vocational training institution means a private vocational training institution or a 
       foreign-invested vocational training institution whose annual accumulated profits 
       are  undivided  shared  assets  used  for  reinvestment  in  the  vocational  training 
       institution;  its  shareholders  or  capital  contributing  members  shall  not  receive 
       dividends  or  receive  annual  dividends  not  exceeding  the  interests  of  the 
       Government’s bonds. 
         8. Enterprise means an enterprise established and operating under Law on 
       enterprises,  or  a  cooperative  established  and  operating  under  the  Law  on 
       Cooperatives or another economic organization having legal status according to the 
       Civil Code. 
         Article 4. Objectives of vocational training  
         1.  General  objectives  of  vocational  training  are:  provide  training  for 
       personnel  directly  involved  in  production,  businesses  or  services,  who  acquire 
       proficiency equivalent to their training standards, possess professional ethics and 
       good  health,  gain  creative  ability,  adapt  to  the  environment  in  the  context  of 
       international  integration;  improve  their  productivity  and  quality;  and  enable 
       students to find jobs, self employ or enter higher education. 
         2. Specific objectives pertaining to every level of vocational training: 
         a) Elementary level: equip students for abilities to perform simple tasks of a 
       particular job; 
         b) Intermediate level: equip students for abilities to perform elementary-level 
       tasks  and  some  complicated  and  special  tasks;  apply  technology  to  jobs,  work 
       independently or work in teams; 
         c)  College level: equip students for abilities to perform intermediate-level 
       tasks and some complicated and special tasks; create and apply modern technology 
       to jobs, instruct and observe other members in their teams in performing the tasks. 
         Article 5. Vocational training institutions 
         1. Vocational training institutions include: 
         a) Vocational training centers; 
         b) Vocational training schools; 
         c) Colleges.  
         2. Vocational training institutions shall be organized under following types: 
         a) Public vocational training institution is a State-owned vocational training 
       institution, whose facilities invested and constructed by the State; 
         b) Private vocational training institution is a vocational training institution 
       under  ownership  of  a  social  organization,  a  socio-professional  organization,  a 
       private  economic  organization  or  individual,  or  a  vocational  training  institution 
       invested  and  constructed  by  a  social  organization,  a  socio-professional 
       organization, a private economic organization, or an individual; 
         c) Foreign-invested vocational training institution includes wholly foreign-
       invested vocational training institution; joint-venture vocational training institution 
       between domestic investors and foreign investors. 
         Article 6. Policies of the State on vocational training development 
         1. Developing the open, flexible, diversified system of vocational education 
       which in the way of standardization, modernization, democratization, socialization 
       and international integration, connectivity between levels of vocational education 
       and between other training levels. 
         2. Investing into vocational education shall be given priority in the policies 
       on socio-economic development and human resource development. The budget for 
       vocational  education  shall  be  given  priority  in  the  total  government  budget 
       expenditures on education and training and it shall be allocated according to public, 
       transparent, and promptly rules.  
         3.  Investing  in  improving  training  quality,  develop  vocational  training 
       institution  network  under  the  planning;  invest  in  some  major  and  high  quality 
       vocational training institutions in order to meet the needs of labour market and 
       learning demand of workers and universalize vocational education to the youth. 
         4. The State adopts policies on classifying lower secondary school and upper 
       secondary school graduates into vocational training institutions in conformity with 
       every period of socio-economic development. 
         5.  Synchronously  invest  in  training  human  resource  in  national  major 
       disciplines, or disciplines accessing to the advanced levels of the region and the 
       world; attach special importance to vocational education in severely disadvantaged 
       areas, ethnic minority areas, border, island, and coastal areas; invest in training in 
       vocations  required  by  the  labour  market  but  that  they  are  difficult  to  invest  in 
       private sector involvement.