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Chapter 1 The Corey’s Perspective on Groups – Groups are not a second-rate approach to helping people change – Groups are the treatment of choice – Groups offer a natural laboratory where people can experiment with new ways of being – Members’ interpersonal difficulties get played out in the group Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 Group Process Group Techniques Group process – all the elements that are basic Group techniques – leader interventions to the unfolding of a group from beginning to end aimed at facilitating movement within a group – Examples: –Examples: group norms conducting initial interviews generating trust asking a member to role-play a conflict level of cohesion challenging a member’s belief system how conflict emerges in a group suggesting homework patterns of resistance intermember feedback healing forces within the group Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 stages of group development Group Techniques The Theory Behind the Practice – Techniques should be: An integrative conceptual framework -- presented as a choice—members should be involves the thinking, feeling, and behaving invited to experiment with new behaviors dimensions and is a challenge to create and introduced in a sensitive and timely fashion implement used with consideration for the member’s cultural Technical eclecticism – based on utilizing background and have a rationale techniques from a variety of theoretical models should be abandoned if proven ineffective Theoretical integration – a conceptual and developed in response to what is happening in the theoretical creation beyond mere blending of here-and-now techniques Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 1 Critical Questions Various Types of Groups What is going on in the group process? Task groups – aims to foster accomplishing identified How are my relationships with clients? work goals (pg 12) What role to I take? Psychoeducational group – aims to educate well- In what ways to I tend to intervene? functioning group members who want to acquire What techniques am I drawn to? information and skills in an area of living (pg 13) How do I evaluate client strengths/growth areas, Group counseling – aims at preventive and educational define problems/solutions, think about purposes — utilizes methods of interactive feedback within outcomes? a here-and-now time framework (pg 14) Group psychotherapy – aims at remediation of in-depth psychological problems — often focuses on past influences of present difficulties Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 Brief Group Therapy Piper and Orgodniczuk (2004) BGT-time limited, structured, last 2 to 3 months, and Brief Group Therapy treatment of choice consist of 8 to 12 weekly sessions for: Facilitators of BGT-need training in group process and –Complicated grief brief therapy –Trauma reactions Advantages of BGT –Adjustment problems – well suited to the needs of both clients and managed –Existential concerns care – cost-effective Benefits include efficacy, applicability, and – widely applicable to diverse client populations and cost problems – can be used in different settings (e.g., school and community agencies) Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 A Multicultural Perspective A Comprehensive Definition of on Group Work Multicultural Group Work Achieving cultural competence is a lifelong journey “A helping process that includes screening, assessing, and diagnosing dynamics of group social systems, Effective group work involves considering culture of members, and leadership for the purpose of establishing participants goals, outcomes, processes, and interventions that are informed by multicultural counseling knowledge, skills Group workers must have awareness, knowledge, and and abilities. It is a process of planning, implementing, skills to effectively deal with diverse membership and evaluating group work strategies from a socio- cultural context of human variability, group, and individual identity, worldviews, statuses, power, and Cultural similarities and differences need to be addressed other salient demographic factors to facilitate human and in a group organizational development…” Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 2 The Goals of Multicultural Group Work “To promote human development and to enhance interpersonal relationships, promote Groups: Process & Practice task achievement, and prevent or identify and remediate mental, emotional, or behavioral 8th ed. disorders and associated distress that interfere with mental health, and to lessen the risk of distress, disability, or loss of human dignity, autonomy, and freedom.” Chapter 2: The Group Counselor Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 The Group Counselor: The Problem of Fear Person and Professional What If I make mistakes? Some personal characteristics of effective group What if my anxiety shows? leaders – Belief in group process What if I say the wrong thing? – Courage –Presence What if someone doesn’t like me? I get – Goodwill and caring – Openness/ defensive? – Becoming aware of nondefensiveness What if they notice that what I saw and one’s own culture – Personal power what I do aren’t congruent? –Stamina – Willingness to seek – Willingness to model new experiences – Dedication and commitment Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 The Optimal Group Climate Developing Competence in Using Group Leadership Skills One that is safe, positive, and supportive, yet Essential to acquire and refine skills strong enough to at times withstand highly charged emotions, challenges, and interactions Skills cannot be separated from the leader’s between members personality Leader’s interpersonal skills, genuineness, It is an art to learn how to use group skills empathy, and warmth are significant variables in creating the kind of climate that leads to Skills learned through supervised experience, successful outcomes practice, feedback, and participation as a Tyson, 2009 member Tyson, 2009 3 Group Leadership Skills Sample Group Leadership Skills (finding your strengths) Active listening Empathizing Interpreting: “I wonder if…”, “I have a Reflecting Questioning hunch…” Clarifying Modeling Terminating: Suggestions to transfer to Linking Blocking outside group life, preparing to face life Suggesting Confronting outside group, making aftercare follow-up Interpreting Summarizing referrals, managing feelings of loss. Facilitating Terminating Supporting Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 Becoming a Diversity-Sensitive Group Guidelines for Competence: Diversity Counselor Issues in Groups Diversity competence – involves deep understanding of Group workers need to: own culture – Consider the impact of adverse environmental factors Culturally competent group workers: in assessing group members’ problems – are aware of their biases, stereotypes, and prejudices – Understand how their values and beliefs influence – apply skills and interventions that are congruent with their facilitation of a group members’ worldviews – Respect the roles of family and community Ethical practice entails diversity competence hierarchies within a member’s culture – engage in experiential activities and personal growth – Respect members’ religious and spiritual beliefs and values opportunities to increase awareness of different – Acknowledge that ethnicity and culture cultures influence behavior Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 – stay up to date with current readings Focus Areas Framework Beliefs and attitudes “If you are not able to recognize that your values are not absolute truths, but Knowledge products of y our cultural upbringing, then you will likely impose your own worldview Skills on your clients and possibly do harm.” pg 47 Tyson, 2009 Tyson, 2009 4
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