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Chapter 1 The Corey’s Perspective on
Groups
– Groups are not a second-rate approach to helping
people change
– Groups are the treatment of choice
– Groups offer a natural laboratory where people can
experiment with new ways of being
– Members’ interpersonal difficulties get played out in
the group
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Group Process Group Techniques
Group process – all the elements that are basic Group techniques – leader interventions
to the unfolding of a group from beginning to end aimed at facilitating movement within a group
– Examples: –Examples:
group norms conducting initial interviews
generating trust asking a member to role-play a conflict
level of cohesion challenging a member’s belief system
how conflict emerges in a group suggesting homework
patterns of resistance
intermember feedback
healing forces within the group
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stages of group development
Group Techniques The Theory Behind the Practice
– Techniques should be: An integrative conceptual framework --
presented as a choice—members should be involves the thinking, feeling, and behaving
invited to experiment with new behaviors dimensions and is a challenge to create and
introduced in a sensitive and timely fashion implement
used with consideration for the member’s cultural Technical eclecticism – based on utilizing
background and have a rationale techniques from a variety of theoretical models
should be abandoned if proven ineffective Theoretical integration – a conceptual and
developed in response to what is happening in the theoretical creation beyond mere blending of
here-and-now techniques
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Critical Questions Various Types of Groups
What is going on in the group process? Task groups – aims to foster accomplishing identified
How are my relationships with clients? work goals (pg 12)
What role to I take? Psychoeducational group – aims to educate well-
In what ways to I tend to intervene? functioning group members who want to acquire
What techniques am I drawn to? information and skills in an area of living (pg 13)
How do I evaluate client strengths/growth areas, Group counseling – aims at preventive and educational
define problems/solutions, think about purposes — utilizes methods of interactive feedback within
outcomes? a here-and-now time framework (pg 14)
Group psychotherapy – aims at remediation of in-depth
psychological problems — often focuses on past influences
of present difficulties
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Brief Group Therapy Piper and Orgodniczuk (2004)
BGT-time limited, structured, last 2 to 3 months, and Brief Group Therapy treatment of choice
consist of 8 to 12 weekly sessions for:
Facilitators of BGT-need training in group process and –Complicated grief
brief therapy –Trauma reactions
Advantages of BGT –Adjustment problems
– well suited to the needs of both clients and managed –Existential concerns
care
– cost-effective Benefits include efficacy, applicability, and
– widely applicable to diverse client populations and cost
problems
– can be used in different settings (e.g., school and
community agencies)
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A Multicultural Perspective A Comprehensive Definition of
on Group Work Multicultural Group Work
Achieving cultural competence is a lifelong journey “A helping process that includes screening, assessing,
and diagnosing dynamics of group social systems,
Effective group work involves considering culture of members, and leadership for the purpose of establishing
participants goals, outcomes, processes, and interventions that are
informed by multicultural counseling knowledge, skills
Group workers must have awareness, knowledge, and and abilities. It is a process of planning, implementing,
skills to effectively deal with diverse membership and evaluating group work strategies from a socio-
cultural context of human variability, group, and
individual identity, worldviews, statuses, power, and
Cultural similarities and differences need to be addressed other salient demographic factors to facilitate human and
in a group organizational development…”
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The Goals of Multicultural
Group Work
“To promote human development and to
enhance interpersonal relationships, promote Groups: Process & Practice
task achievement, and prevent or identify and
remediate mental, emotional, or behavioral 8th ed.
disorders and associated distress that interfere
with mental health, and to lessen the risk of
distress, disability, or loss of human dignity,
autonomy, and freedom.” Chapter 2:
The Group Counselor
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The Group Counselor: The Problem of Fear
Person and Professional What If I make mistakes?
Some personal characteristics of effective group What if my anxiety shows?
leaders – Belief in group process What if I say the wrong thing?
– Courage –Presence What if someone doesn’t like me? I get
– Goodwill and caring – Openness/ defensive?
– Becoming aware of nondefensiveness What if they notice that what I saw and
one’s own culture – Personal power what I do aren’t congruent?
–Stamina – Willingness to seek
– Willingness to model new experiences
– Dedication and commitment
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The Optimal Group Climate Developing Competence in Using
Group Leadership Skills
One that is safe, positive, and supportive, yet Essential to acquire and refine skills
strong enough to at times withstand highly
charged emotions, challenges, and interactions Skills cannot be separated from the leader’s
between members personality
Leader’s interpersonal skills, genuineness, It is an art to learn how to use group skills
empathy, and warmth are significant variables in
creating the kind of climate that leads to Skills learned through supervised experience,
successful outcomes practice, feedback, and participation as a
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Group Leadership Skills Sample Group Leadership Skills
(finding your strengths)
Active listening Empathizing Interpreting: “I wonder if…”, “I have a
Reflecting Questioning hunch…”
Clarifying Modeling Terminating: Suggestions to transfer to
Linking Blocking outside group life, preparing to face life
Suggesting Confronting outside group, making aftercare follow-up
Interpreting Summarizing referrals, managing feelings of loss.
Facilitating Terminating
Supporting
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Becoming a Diversity-Sensitive Group Guidelines for Competence: Diversity
Counselor Issues in Groups
Diversity competence – involves deep understanding of Group workers need to:
own culture – Consider the impact of adverse environmental factors
Culturally competent group workers: in assessing group members’ problems
– are aware of their biases, stereotypes, and prejudices – Understand how their values and beliefs influence
– apply skills and interventions that are congruent with their facilitation of a group
members’ worldviews – Respect the roles of family and community
Ethical practice entails diversity competence hierarchies within a member’s culture
– engage in experiential activities and personal growth – Respect members’ religious and spiritual beliefs
and values
opportunities to increase awareness of different – Acknowledge that ethnicity and culture
cultures influence behavior
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– stay up to date with current readings
Focus Areas Framework
Beliefs and attitudes “If you are not able to recognize that your
values are not absolute truths, but
Knowledge products of y our cultural upbringing, then
you will likely impose your own worldview
Skills on your clients and possibly do harm.” pg
47
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