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picture1_Play Therapy Techniques Pdf 108512 | Slide Handouts Chapters 1 2 3


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File: Play Therapy Techniques Pdf 108512 | Slide Handouts Chapters 1 2 3
chapter 1 the corey s perspective on groups groups are not a second rate approach to helping people change groups are the treatment of choice groups offer a natural laboratory ...

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                                              Chapter 1                                                         The Corey’s Perspective on 
                                                                                                                                 Groups
                                                                                                            – Groups are not a second-rate approach to helping 
                                                                                                              people change
                                                                                                            – Groups are the treatment of choice
                                                                                                            – Groups offer a natural laboratory where people can 
                                                                                                              experiment with new ways of being
                                                                                                            – Members’ interpersonal difficulties get played out in 
                                                                                                              the group
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                                         Group Process                                                               Group Techniques
                         • Group process – all the elements that are basic                              • Group techniques  – leader interventions 
                           to the unfolding of a group from beginning to end                               aimed at facilitating movement within a group
                            – Examples:                                                                     –Examples:
                                • group norms                                                                  • conducting initial interviews 
                                • generating trust                                                             • asking a member to role-play a conflict
                                • level of cohesion                                                            • challenging a member’s belief system
                                • how conflict emerges in a group                                              • suggesting homework
                                • patterns of resistance
                                • intermember feedback
                                • healing forces within the group
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                                • stages of group development
                                      Group Techniques                                                   The Theory Behind the Practice
                            – Techniques should be:                                                      • An integrative conceptual framework --
                                • presented as a choice—members should be                                  involves the thinking, feeling, and behaving 
                                 invited to experiment with new behaviors                                  dimensions and is a challenge to create and 
                                • introduced in a sensitive and timely fashion                             implement
                                • used with consideration for the member’s cultural                      • Technical eclecticism – based on utilizing 
                                 background and have a rationale                                           techniques from a variety of theoretical models
                                • should be abandoned if proven ineffective                              • Theoretical integration  – a conceptual and 
                                • developed in response to what is happening in the                        theoretical creation beyond mere blending of 
                                 here-and-now                                                              techniques
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                                                                                                                                                                                  1
                                  Critical Questions                                                                                        Various Types of Groups
                               • What is going on in the group process?                                                          •  Task groups – aims to foster accomplishing identified 
                               • How are my relationships with clients?                                                             work goals (pg 12)
                               • What role to I take?                                                                            •  Psychoeducational group – aims to educate well-
                               • In what ways to I tend to intervene?                                                               functioning group members who want to acquire 
                               • What techniques am I drawn to?                                                                     information and skills in an area of living (pg 13)
                               • How do I evaluate client strengths/growth areas,                                                •  Group counseling – aims at preventive and educational 
                                  define problems/solutions, think about                                                            purposes — utilizes methods of interactive feedback within 
                                  outcomes?                                                                                         a here-and-now time framework  (pg 14)
                                                                                                                                 •  Group psychotherapy – aims at remediation of in-depth 
                                                                                                                                    psychological problems — often focuses on past influences 
                                                                                                                                    of present difficulties 
                                                                Tyson, 2009                                                                                          Tyson, 2009
                                             Brief Group Therapy                                                                      Piper and Orgodniczuk (2004)
                               •  BGT-time limited, structured, last 2 to 3 months, and                                            • Brief Group Therapy treatment of choice 
                                  consist of 8 to 12 weekly sessions                                                                   for:
                               •  Facilitators of BGT-need training in group process and                                                –Complicated grief
                                  brief therapy                                                                                         –Trauma reactions
                               •  Advantages of BGT                                                                                     –Adjustment problems
                                   – well suited to the needs of both clients and managed                                               –Existential concerns
                                      care
                                   – cost-effective                                                                                • Benefits include efficacy, applicability, and 
                                   – widely applicable to diverse client populations and                                               cost
                                      problems
                                   – can  be used in different settings (e.g., school and 
                                      community agencies)
                                                                Tyson, 2009                                                                                          Tyson, 2009
                                         A Multicultural Perspective                                                                     A Comprehensive Definition of 
                                                     on Group Work                                                                             Multicultural Group Work 
                                   •  Achieving cultural competence is a lifelong journey                                          •   “A helping process that includes screening, assessing, 
                                                                                                                                       and diagnosing dynamics of group social systems, 
                                   •  Effective group work involves considering culture of                                             members, and leadership for the purpose of establishing 
                                      participants                                                                                     goals, outcomes, processes, and interventions that are 
                                                                                                                                       informed by multicultural counseling knowledge, skills 
                                   •  Group workers must have awareness, knowledge, and                                                and abilities. It is a process of planning, implementing, 
                                      skills to effectively deal with diverse membership                                               and evaluating group work strategies from a socio-
                                                                                                                                       cultural context of human variability, group, and 
                                                                                                                                       individual identity, worldviews, statuses, power, and 
                                   •  Cultural similarities and differences need to be addressed                                       other salient demographic factors to facilitate human and 
                                      in a group                                                                                       organizational development…”
                                                                Tyson, 2009                                                                                          Tyson, 2009
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                 The Goals of Multicultural 
                                            Group Work
                        • “To promote human development and to 
                           enhance interpersonal relationships, promote                                     Groups: Process & Practice  
                           task achievement, and prevent or identify and 
                           remediate mental, emotional, or behavioral                                                          8th ed.
                           disorders and associated distress that interfere 
                           with mental health, and to lessen the risk of 
                           distress, disability, or loss of human dignity, 
                           autonomy, and freedom.”                                                                                Chapter 2:
                                                                                                                         The Group Counselor
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                   Tyson, 2009
                                  The Group Counselor:                                                            The Problem of Fear
                                Person and Professional                                                • What If I make mistakes?
                        •  Some personal characteristics of effective group                            • What if my anxiety shows?
                           leaders                          – Belief in group process                  • What if I say the wrong thing?
                            – Courage                       –Presence                                  • What if someone doesn’t like me?  I get 
                            – Goodwill and caring           – Openness/                                   defensive?
                            – Becoming aware of               nondefensiveness                         • What if they notice that what I saw and 
                              one’s own culture             – Personal power                              what I do aren’t congruent?
                            –Stamina                        – Willingness to seek 
                            – Willingness to model            new experiences
                            – Dedication and commitment
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                   Tyson, 2009
                             The Optimal Group Climate                                                      Developing Competence in Using 
                                                                                                                   Group Leadership Skills
                        • One that is safe, positive, and supportive, yet                              • Essential to acquire and refine skills 
                           strong enough to at times withstand highly 
                           charged emotions, challenges, and interactions                              • Skills cannot be separated from the leader’s 
                           between members                                                                personality
                        • Leader’s interpersonal skills, genuineness,                                  • It is an art to learn how to use group skills
                           empathy, and warmth are significant variables in 
                           creating the kind of climate that leads to                                  • Skills learned through supervised experience, 
                           successful outcomes                                                            practice, feedback, and participation as a 
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                            member                 Tyson, 2009
                                                                                                                                                                                3
                                 Group Leadership Skills                                                 Sample Group Leadership Skills
                                                                                                                         (finding your strengths)
                         • Active listening             • Empathizing                                    • Interpreting:  “I wonder if…”, “I have a 
                         • Reflecting                   • Questioning                                      hunch…”
                         • Clarifying                   • Modeling                                       • Terminating:  Suggestions to transfer to 
                         • Linking                      • Blocking                                         outside group life, preparing to face life 
                         • Suggesting                   • Confronting                                      outside group, making aftercare follow-up 
                         • Interpreting                 • Summarizing                                      referrals, managing feelings of loss. 
                         • Facilitating                 • Terminating
                         • Supporting
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                          Becoming a Diversity-Sensitive Group                                             Guidelines for Competence: Diversity 
                                               Counselor                                                                  Issues in Groups
                       •  Diversity competence – involves deep understanding of                          • Group workers need to:
                          own culture                                                                       – Consider the impact of adverse environmental factors 
                       •  Culturally competent group workers:                                                 in assessing group members’ problems
                           – are aware of their biases, stereotypes, and prejudices                         – Understand how their values and beliefs influence 
                           – apply skills and interventions that are congruent with                           their facilitation of a group
                             members’ worldviews                                                            – Respect the roles of family and community 
                       •  Ethical practice entails diversity competence                                       hierarchies within a member’s culture
                           – engage in experiential activities and personal growth                          – Respect members’ religious and spiritual beliefs 
                                                                                                              and values
                             opportunities to increase awareness of different                               – Acknowledge that ethnicity and culture 
                             cultures                                                                         influence behavior
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                           – stay up to date with current readings 
                                           Focus Areas                                                                       Framework
                         • Beliefs and attitudes                                                         • “If you are not able to recognize that your 
                                                                                                           values are not absolute truths, but 
                         • Knowledge                                                                       products of y our cultural upbringing, then 
                                                                                                           you will likely impose your own worldview 
                         •Skills                                                                           on your clients and possibly do harm.” pg 
                                                                                                           47
                                                   Tyson, 2009                                                                     Tyson, 2009
                                                                                                                                                                                   4
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