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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia Engineering00 (2017)000–000
Procedia Engineering00 (2017)000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Procedia Engineering 206 (2017) 1648–1653

International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2017
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2017
Development of Diesel-Eengine Bio-fuel Supply-Line Components
Development of Diesel-Eengine Bio-fuel Supply-Line Components
and Systems
and Systems
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov*
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov*
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Vyatka State University", st. Moskovskay, 36, Kirov, 610000, Russia
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Vyatka State University", st. Moskovskay, 36, Kirov, 610000, Russia
Abstract
Abstract
The relevance of the study is based on the increased range of marketed alternative fuels, the use of which calls for considerable
modifications of the engine fuel-supply systems. The objective of the studyis to familiarize as many specialists as possible with
The relevance of the study is based on the increased range of marketed alternative fuels, the use of which calls for considerable
the latest modifications demonstrating the improved characteristics. The study uses the comparative analysis of different designs
modifications of the engine fuel-supply systems. The objective of the studyis to familiarize as many specialists as possible with
as a research method. The study demonstrates several new fuel-supply systems. The material of this study can have practical
the latest modifications demonstrating the improved characteristics. The study uses the comparative analysis of different designs
importance for postgraduate students, young researchers and specialists working in the field of automotive design and
as a research method. The study demonstrates several new fuel-supply systems. The material of this study can have practical
maintenance.
importance for postgraduate students, young researchers and specialists working in the field of automotive design and
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
maintenance.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering
Keywords: Diesel; Rape seed oil; Еthanol; Blend fuel; Bench tests; Fuel feed, Fuel supply system.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
Keywords: Diesel; Rape seed oil; Еthanol; Blend fuel; Bench tests; Fuel feed, Fuel supply system.
1. Foreword
1. Foreword
Current ecological problems beg for the use of alternative power sources [1-5]. In this respect,there is a world-
wide tendency to switch diesel engines to bio-fuels [5-8]. There are a lot of ways to feed alternative fuels into the
Current ecological problems beg for the use of alternative power sources [1-5]. In this respect,there is a world-
diesel engine cylinders [9-11]. However, the engineering designs and solutions, implemented in any given engine or
wide tendency to switch diesel engines to bio-fuels [5-8]. There are a lot of ways to feed alternative fuels into the
engine type, should meet the following requirements [12-15]:
diesel engine cylinders [9-11]. However, the engineering designs and solutions, implemented in any given engine or
 maintaining the engines' power output;
engine type, should meet the following requirements [12-15]:
 maintaining, if possible, the engine's base design;
 maintaining the engines' power output;
 support of fuel-to-fuel switch;
 maintaining, if possible, the engine's base design;
 guarantying even load spreading among the cylinders throughout the whole of the power and RPM ranges;
 support of fuel-to-fuel switch;
 maintaining the all-mode control;
 guarantying even load spreading among the cylinders throughout the whole of the power and RPM ranges;
 maintaining the all-mode control;

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-912-828-7362 .
E-mail address: kuimov@vyatsu.ru
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-912-828-7362 .
E-mail address: kuimov@vyatsu.ru
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the sientifi oittee of the nterntionl onferene on ndustril En ineerin .
10.101.proen .2017.10.2
10.101.proen .2017.10.2 1877-7058
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect S.A. Plotnikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 206 (2017) 1648–1653 1649
Procedia Engineering00 (2017)000–000 2 S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov / Procedia Engineering00 (2017) 000–000

Procedia Engineering00 (2017)000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia  guarantying low levels of mechanical losses, thermal strain, as well as long work life and reliability.
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia The goal of this study is the development and design of fuel-supply systems [16-19] as per the above-mentioned
requirements. There is a secondary objective to this study: design of fuel system components.
2. Materials and methods
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2017
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2017 We developed fuel mixing and the fuel-emulsion supply systems for diesel engines. These emulsions contain
Development of Diesel-Eengine Bio-fuel Supply-Line Components variable amount of alcohol (0…40% mass) and diesel fuel (100…60% mass). The R&D was done based on mass-
Development of Diesel-Eengine Bio-fuel Supply-Line Components manufactured diesel fuel supply systems.
and Systems The operation of fuel-supply systems was bench tested. 2Ch 10,15/12,0 (2Ч 10,5/12,0) diesel engine ran under
and Systems load on SAK-N670 test bench as per GOST 18509-88 requirements [20].
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov* We ran additional tests on a Т-25А tractor.The tractor was tested agricultural farm conditions, transporting
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov* manure, hay, and performing other husbandry-farm tasks. The tractor was deemed operational and was used at the
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Vyatka State University", st. Moskovskay, 36, Kirov, 610000, Russia Chistye Prudy Experimental farm of the Vyatka state agricultural academy. During the tests we monitored the diesel
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Vyatka State University", st. Moskovskay, 36, Kirov, 610000, Russia engine's operation under different loads and at different speeds, recorded fuel-supply system malfunctions, both the
diesel-fuel and fuel-mix consumption, exhaust opacity and a number of other parameters.
Abstract 3. Results
Abstract
The relevance of the study is based on the increased range of marketed alternative fuels, the use of which calls for considerable The R&D efforts resulted in the following design (Fig. 1).
modifications of the engine fuel-supply systems. The objective of the studyis to familiarize as many specialists as possible with
The relevance of the study is based on the increased range of marketed alternative fuels, the use of which calls for considerable
the latest modifications demonstrating the improved characteristics. The study uses the comparative analysis of different designs
modifications of the engine fuel-supply systems. The objective of the studyis to familiarize as many specialists as possible with
as a research method. The study demonstrates several new fuel-supply systems. The material of this study can have practical
the latest modifications demonstrating the improved characteristics. The study uses the comparative analysis of different designs
importance for postgraduate students, young researchers and specialists working in the field of automotive design and
as a research method. The study demonstrates several new fuel-supply systems. The material of this study can have practical
maintenance.
importance for postgraduate students, young researchers and specialists working in the field of automotive design and
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
maintenance.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Diesel; Rape seed oil; Еthanol; Blend fuel; Bench tests; Fuel feed, Fuel supply system.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
Keywords: Diesel; Rape seed oil; Еthanol; Blend fuel; Bench tests; Fuel feed, Fuel supply system.
1. Foreword
1. Foreword
Current ecological problems beg for the use of alternative power sources [1-5]. In this respect,there is a world-
wide tendency to switch diesel engines to bio-fuels [5-8]. There are a lot of ways to feed alternative fuels into the
Current ecological problems beg for the use of alternative power sources [1-5]. In this respect,there is a world-
diesel engine cylinders [9-11]. However, the engineering designs and solutions, implemented in any given engine or
wide tendency to switch diesel engines to bio-fuels [5-8]. There are a lot of ways to feed alternative fuels into the
engine type, should meet the following requirements [12-15]:
diesel engine cylinders [9-11]. However, the engineering designs and solutions, implemented in any given engine or
 maintaining the engines' power output;
engine type, should meet the following requirements [12-15]:
 maintaining, if possible, the engine's base design; Fig. 1.Multi-fuel diesel engine's fuel supply [16, 17]: 1 - diesel fuel tank ; 2 – bio-fuel tank ; 3 - coarse fuel filter ; 4 – regulator ; 5 – fuel pump ;
 maintaining the engines' power output; 6 – fine fuel filter ; 7 – fuel injection pump ; 8 – nozzle ; 9 – motor ; 10 – mixer.
 support of fuel-to-fuel switch;
 maintaining, if possible, the engine's base design;
 guarantying even load spreading among the cylinders throughout the whole of the power and RPM ranges;
 support of fuel-to-fuel switch; The various composition emulsion's stability is known to vary in the range of several seconds or minutes to
 maintaining the all-mode control;
 guarantying even load spreading among the cylinders throughout the whole of the power and RPM ranges; several hours and even days. When using the stable emulsions, their storage is not a problem, however, the unstable
 maintaining the all-mode control;
emulsions are to be mixed immediately beforу their use. For this reason, inside the U-shaped channel of the 4UTNM
(4УТНМ) injection pump's head there is a mixer (Fig. 2). The mixer is driven by a 12V DC motor.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-912-828-7362 .
E-mail address: kuimov@vyatsu.ru
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-912-828-7362 .
E-mail address: kuimov@vyatsu.ru
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering.
1650 S.A. Plotnikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 206 (2017) 1648–1653 4 S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov / Procedia Engineering00 (2017) 000–000
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov / Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 3
The DF supply into the cylinders is done conventionally. The fuel pump (6) pumps the bio-fuel out of the tank (2)
and along the fuel lines through the coarse fuel filter (4), the fine fuel filter (7) and the reducing valve (10) into the
evaporator (11), where the heater (13) vaporizes the fuel. After that the fuel vapors mix with air inside the air/fuel
mix intake (12).
The temperature sensors (15) measure the mix' temperature both before and after the heater (11) and signal the
electronic regulator (14), which, in its turn, depending on the sensor data, set the temperature for the heater (13).
Thus, the electronic regulator (14) makes timely and accurate adjustments depending on the diesel engine's
operational mode.
As the heating of the air/fuel mix depends on the diesel engine's RPM and the evaporated fuel volume, the
designed system makes timely and accurate adjustments to the air/fuel mix temperature in the air/fuel mix intake
based on the engine's operational mode. Thus, we can sustain the required volatile fuel evaporation rate, as well as,
the mix composition for any mode of the diesel engine work, therefore, increasing the engine's efficiency.
Fig. 2.Mixer: 1 - mixer shaft; 2 – agitator ; 3 - pump casing ; 4 – seat ; 5 – connector ; 6 – bolt ; 7 – drive ferrule ; 8 – motor shaft ; 9 – counter To feed various fuel emulsions, containing additives, into the the diesel engine's cylinders we designed another
nut ; 10 – bearing ; 11 – gasket ; 12 – sealing ring. fuel supply system (Fig.4) [4, 21]. We installed an additional tank and the fuel emulsion coarse fuel filter, a three-
The mixer shortens the time, between the fuel emulsion blending and its injection into the tractor diesel engine. position valve inside the tractor cabin, and a mechanically-driven agitator inside the blend fuel tank.
To increase the homogeneity of the fuel emulsion we used paired clockwise/counterclockwise-oriented agitator
blades. Each blade pair is positioned against the inlet chamber and the respective plunger pair.
The system is designed to mix emulsion with the bio-fuel content of 0 to 100 % and diesel fuel (DF) content of
100 to 0 %, respectively. The components ratio error doesn't exceed 5%. The output of the designed system makes it
possible to mix the necessary amount of fuel emulsion of the required composition and homogeneity for any of the
engine's operating modes.
For the diesel engine to use volatile bio-fuels we designed an original supply system (Fig. 3) [18,19]. The system
operates as follows.

Fig. 4.Fuel emulsion supply system [21]:1 – emulsion tank; 2 – agitator; 3 – motor; 4 – diesel fuel tank; 5 – emulsion coarse filter; 6 – valve; 7 –
FIP; 8 – nozzles; 9 – fine fuel filter; 10 – coarse diesel-fuel filter; 11 – fuel injection pump; 12 – three-position valve.
The tested tractor was modified accordingly. To make the diesel-fuel/alcohol emulsion we installed a
mechanically driven agitator into the manufacturer-installed fuel tank. On the right side of the tractor cabin we
installed an additional diesel-fuel-only 10 liter tank. The installation of additional fuel lines and a coarse fuel filter
was easy enough.
The tractor's basic technical parameters ale listed in Table 1 below.
The testing was done as follows:
Fig. 3.Diesel engine volatile-bio-fuel supply system [18]: 1,2 - primary- and bio-fuel tanks;3 – fuel lines; 4 - coarse fuel filters; 5,6 – fuel pumps; The start and the following warming up of the diesel engine was diesel fuel only. The motor was switched on.
7 – fine fuel filters ; 8 – FIP; 9 – nozzle; 10 – reducing valve; 11 – evaporator; 12 – air/fuel mix intake; 13 – heater; 14 – electronic regulator ; 15 During the warming up the mechanical agitator mixed the emulsion in the primary fuel tank. Once the engine had
– temperature sensors;16 – wires. been warmed up, inside the cabin the operator turned the three-position valve, thus switching the engine to the
emulsion feed.
S.A. Plotnikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 206 (2017) 1648–1653 1651
S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov / Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 3 4 S.A. Plotnikov, A.N. Kartashevich, E.A. Kuimov / Procedia Engineering00 (2017) 000–000
The DF supply into the cylinders is done conventionally. The fuel pump (6) pumps the bio-fuel out of the tank (2)
and along the fuel lines through the coarse fuel filter (4), the fine fuel filter (7) and the reducing valve (10) into the
evaporator (11), where the heater (13) vaporizes the fuel. After that the fuel vapors mix with air inside the air/fuel
mix intake (12).
The temperature sensors (15) measure the mix' temperature both before and after the heater (11) and signal the
electronic regulator (14), which, in its turn, depending on the sensor data, set the temperature for the heater (13).
Thus, the electronic regulator (14) makes timely and accurate adjustments depending on the diesel engine's
operational mode.
As the heating of the air/fuel mix depends on the diesel engine's RPM and the evaporated fuel volume, the
designed system makes timely and accurate adjustments to the air/fuel mix temperature in the air/fuel mix intake
based on the engine's operational mode. Thus, we can sustain the required volatile fuel evaporation rate, as well as,
the mix composition for any mode of the diesel engine work, therefore, increasing the engine's efficiency.
Fig. 2.Mixer: 1 - mixer shaft; 2 – agitator ; 3 - pump casing ; 4 – seat ; 5 – connector ; 6 – bolt ; 7 – drive ferrule ; 8 – motor shaft ; 9 – counter To feed various fuel emulsions, containing additives, into the the diesel engine's cylinders we designed another
nut ; 10 – bearing ; 11 – gasket ; 12 – sealing ring. fuel supply system (Fig.4) [4, 21]. We installed an additional tank and the fuel emulsion coarse fuel filter, a three-
The mixer shortens the time, between the fuel emulsion blending and its injection into the tractor diesel engine. position valve inside the tractor cabin, and a mechanically-driven agitator inside the blend fuel tank.
To increase the homogeneity of the fuel emulsion we used paired clockwise/counterclockwise-oriented agitator
blades. Each blade pair is positioned against the inlet chamber and the respective plunger pair.
The system is designed to mix emulsion with the bio-fuel content of 0 to 100 % and diesel fuel (DF) content of
100 to 0 %, respectively. The components ratio error doesn't exceed 5%. The output of the designed system makes it
possible to mix the necessary amount of fuel emulsion of the required composition and homogeneity for any of the
engine's operating modes.
For the diesel engine to use volatile bio-fuels we designed an original supply system (Fig. 3) [18,19]. The system
operates as follows.

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...Available online at www sciencedirect com procedia engineering elsevier locate international conference on industrial icie development of diesel eengine bio fuel supply line components and systems s a plotnikov n kartashevich e kuimov federal state budgetary educational institution higher education vyatka university st moskovskay kirov russia abstract the relevance study is based increased range marketed alternative fuels use which calls for considerable modifications engine objective studyis to familiarize as many specialists possible with latest demonstrating improved characteristics uses comparative analysis different designs research method demonstrates several new material this can have practical importance postgraduate students young researchers working in field automotive design maintenance authors published by b v ltd peer review under responsibility scientific committee keywords rape seed oil thanol blend bench tests feed system foreword current ecological problems beg power s...

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