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international journal of research and innovation in social science ijriss volume v issue xii december 2021 issn 2454 6186 linguistics analysis on sentence patterns between arabic and tamil languages mha ...

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      International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume V, Issue XII, December 2021|ISSN 2454-6186
                   Linguistics Analysis on Sentence Patterns between 
                                                 Arabic and Tamil Languages 
                                                                      MHA. Munas & MS. Zunoomy 
                                                 Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka 
              Abstract:  This  research  focuses  on  studying  differences  in              focuses on studying the sentence pattern between Arabic and 
              sentence  pattern  between  Arabic  and  Tamil  languages  by                  Tamil to find its similarities and dissimilarities. 
              exposing     similarities   and     dissimilarities   between  them.           A. Research Problem 
              Descriptive contrastive methodology is used by secondary data. 
              It  finds  that  there  are  more  dissimilarities  rather  than               Arabic and Tamil languages belong to the different language 
              similarities  in  gender,  numeral,  tense,  pronouns,  kinds  of              family.    Therefore,  learners  of  the  Arabic  language  as  a 
              pronouns,  adjectives,  genitive  and  articles.  This  research  will         foreign  language  face  difficulties  and  make  mistakes  in 
              help learners of Arabic language as a foreign language though                  identifying  the  meanings  of  sentences  and  their  translation 
              they are Tamil language speakers, translators and students from                between these two languages due to lack of knowledge and 
              the field of linguistics and translation to know sentence pattern 
              between these two languages in the best way.                                   clarity in the linguistic pattern. 
              Keywords:  Translating  Sentence,  Sentence  Pattern,  Arabic                  B. Research Objective: 
              Language, Tamil Language                                                       To  identify  the  similarities  and  dissimilarities  in  sentence 
                                      I. INTRODUCTION                                        pattern between Arabic and Tamil languages 
                     complete  sentence,  which  expresses  the  simplest                    C. Research Importance: 
                    complete  mental  forms  on  which  it  is  intolerable, 
              A                                                                              There are several researches on the sentence pattern of the 
              consists of three main elements: subject, verb and predication.                Arabic  language,  in  contrast  with  other  languages  such  as 
              There are various sentence patterns in every languages. The                    English,  Indonesian  language,  Hausa  language  and  others.  
              sentences  contain  elements  which  build  a  meaningful                      According  to  experience  of  the  researchers,  there  were 
              sentence. Based on this, Arabic language is one of the Semitic                 contrast studies between Arabic and Tamil languages in some 
              language family among the popular languages spread around                      of the specific topics which excludethe contrastive study in 
              the world. it is the language spoken by more than two billion                  the linguistic system.  It is worth noting that this research is a 
              people universally, and the Arabic language is the language of                 necessary serve to improve the field of teaching Arabic as a 
              wordings, syntax, and morphology as it is concerned with the                   foreign language and translate it in a better way. 
              wealthy  of  its  sounds  and  the  word  derivations  and  its 
              competing eloquence characterized by flexibility and diversity                                 II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 
              in its  sentence structures, even though each letter in Arabic                 In this research, the researchers used descriptive contrastive 
              has a value and every symbol (Harakat) has a special purpose                   methodology. Secondary data have been collectedfrombooks, 
              [1].    Al-Mubarridh  is  the  first  person  who  used  the  term             researches, articles, theses, and website articles to obtain the 
              “sentence” from beginning, so he divided it into two parts:                    necessary information. 
              nominal and verbal sentences. Al-Zamakhshari divided it into 
              four:  nominal,  verbal,  conditional  and  adverbial  sentences.                                   III. LITERARY REVIEW 
              There are those who divided it into three types such as Ibn                     "A contrast study between Arabic and the Hausa language in 
              Hisham and those  who  followed  him:  nominal,  verbal  and                   pronouns", Abd Abdullah, a thesis submitted for a master's 
              conditional [2].  Based on this, the sentence pattern of Arabic                degree  in  arts  in  Arabic  language  from  the  University  of 
              distinguishes by its structure and formation.                                  Jezira, in 2017.  The study aims to analyze and research the 
              Tamil language is one of the classical languages in the whole                  pronouns,  through  a  contrastive  study  between  Arabic  and 
              world.  It is mentioned at 20th rank on the anthropology list of               Hausa.  The  pronouns  of  Hausa  language  have  a  special 
              the most spoken languages around the world. It belongs to the                  feature,  and  this  feature  is  unique  and  different  from  the 
              family  of  Dravidian  languages  [3].  Tamil  has  Nominal                    Arabic  language,  but  from  many  languages.The  pronouns 
              sentence only. It includes three kinds of the sentence pattern,                constituted  a  basic  difficulty  for  the  language  learner  of 
              which are simple sentence, compound sentence and complex                       Arabic  from  the  children  of  the  Hausa,  so  the  researcher 
              sentence.  Based on this, each of these two languages has a                    decided to study the system of pronouns in the two languages, 
              specified pattern for the sentence and its stucture, and there                 Arabic and Hausa a contrastive study to identify similarities 
              are  many  similarities  and  dissimilarities  in  the  sentence               and differences. On the other hand, to clarify the problems 
              pattern between these two languages. Therefore, this research                  that may occur when teaching pronouns among learners of the 
              www.rsisinternational.org                                                                                                                   Page 951 
         International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume V, Issue XII, December 2021|ISSN 2454-6186
                   Arabic language from the children of Hausa.  He used in the                                                  relationships from the sentence itself and the relations before 
                   study the descriptive analytical approach.  The study reached                                                it and what follows after.  The advantages in the grammar of 
                   several  results,  the  most  important  of  which  are:  that  the                                          Arabic language are that they are subordinate to the purposes 
                   sentence  structure  in  the  Hausa  language  is  completely                                                of expression and meaning, and this is clearly demonstrated 
                   different from the sentence structure in Arabic, whereby the                                                 by the flourishing of the phenomenon of parsing in Arabic 
                   Hausa requires that the subject precedes the verb and then the                                               language [7]. 
                   object, and it is not permissible for the object to precede the                                              B.  Differences  in  the  Sentence  Pattern  between  Arabic  and 
                   verb  and  the  subject,  and  this  is  the  opposite  of  what  is                                                Tamil 
                   precedent to Arabic. It is permissible for Arabic, and this rule 
                   has made many who write in Arabic use the nominal sentence                                                   These  differences  affect  in  the  sentence  pattern  between 
                   because it is closer to his mother tongue.The researchers were                                               Arabic and Tamil languages, whether it is a simple sentence, a 
                   able to clarify the structure of sentences in Arabic language                                                compound sentence, or a complex sentence [8], [9], [10], [11], 
                   with the use of pronouns and to identify methods that help to                                                [12], [13]. 
                   reveal  the  similarities  and  differences  between  the  two                                               1) Differences in Gender 
                   languages [4]. 
                   "Conjunctions and its uses in Arabic and Tamil languages - a                                                 The word varies in Arabic language with regard to gender into 
                   contrastive study", by Shathifa Bint Muhammad Cassim and                                                     two  types:  masculine  and  feminine.    As  for  the  masculine 
                   Shaheqa Farwinn Bint Abdul Rahim, a paper presented at the                                                   noun, it does not need a sign to indicate it, while the feminine 
                   faculty of Arts and Culture Symposium at the University of                                                   has three symbols;  
                   South Eastern of Sri Lanka in 2015, this research seeks about                                                Taa Marbootasuch as تمعو(Ni‟mah) andةرذق(Qudhrah),  
                   conjunctions  through  their  structure,  function  and  status  in                                          Al-Alif al-Muqshoora (Short Alif)such as يرذع („uthraa) and 
                   sentences and its significance in Arabic language and Tamil                                                 يلضف(Fuzhlaa)  
                   language. The research concerns with studying the similarities 
                   and  differences  between  Arabic  language  and  Tamil                                                      Al-Alif  al  Mamdhoodha  (long  Alifsuch  as  ءادىس(Sawdhau) 
                   language.The researchers benefited from the paper to define                                                  andءاضُب(Baizhau).  Each of these symbols must be added at 
                   the two languages and to know the uses of conjunctions in                                                    the end of the word, as every noun that is ended in one of 
                   Tamil language from structure of sentences and their function                                                them is called feminine.  In the Tamil language, gender is 
                   [5].                                                                                                         divided into five, namely: 
                   “Demonstrative  Pronouns  in  Arabic  and  English:  A                                                              a.     (ஆண் ஧ா஬்) / a: npa: l / " masculine" - if the name 
                   Contrastive  Study”  by  Sulaiman  Bin  Omar  Al-Suhaibani,                                                                is  sane  and  singular,  for  example:  (சிறுவ஦் )  / 
                   2015.  This  research  deals  with  the  study  of  demonstrative                                                          siruwan / "boy".  The symbol for gender is at the end 
                   pronouns in both Arabic and English as a contrastive study.                                                                of  the  verbs,  for  example:  (சிறுவ஦்வ஥்தா஦் )/ 
                   Where contrastive linguistics is one of the oldest methods of                                                              siruwanwanta:  n  /  "the  boy  came."    Here  the 
                   modern linguistics, and one of the most important study in the                                                             morpheme(ஆ஦்) / a: n / represents the gender. 
                   field of linguistics.  It is interested in studying the linguistic 
                   system in the various languages, contrasting them with each                                                         b.     ii.(ப஧ண் ஧ா஬்) /penpa: l / "feminine" - if the noun 
                   other,  and  highlighting  the  similarities  and  differences                                                             is  sane  and  singular,  for  example:(தான்)  /  ta:  i  / 
                   between  them.    The  research  dealt  with  the  demonstrative                                                           "mother".  The sign of gender is at the end of the 
                   pronouns  in  its  classification  in  speech,  mentioning  the                                                            verbs, for example: (தான்வ஥்தா஭்)/ ta: iwanta: l 
                   demonstrative  pronouns  in  both  Arabic  and  English,                                                                   /  "the  mother  came."    The  morpheme(ஆ஭்)/a:  l/ 
                   explaining the common ones, their functions and their uses in                                                              represents the gender in this sentence. 
                   speech, then analyzing some of the Qur‟anic verses in which                                                         c.     (஧஬ப஧் ா஬்)  /  plarpa:  l  /  “the  sane  plural  is  for 
                   the  demonstrative  pronouns  are  mentioned,  and  looking  at 
                   their translation.  In order to show aspects of similarity and                                                             masculine               or         feminine,”              for          example: 
                   difference  between  the  two  languages.The  researchers  used                                                            (சிறுவபக் ஭்)  /  ciruwarkal  /                                  “boys”         and 
                   this study to determine the uses of demonstrative pronouns in                                                              (ஆசிபியனக஭்)/  a:  siriyaikal  /  “female 
                   Arabic sentences and the problems in their translation [6].                                                                teachers”.  The symbol of gender is at the end of the 
                                       IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION:                                                                           verbs,                                for                               example: 
                   A. Sentence Pattern in Arabic and Tamil                                                                                    (சிறுவபக் ஭்/ஆசிபியனக஭்வ஥்தாபக் ஭்)  / 
                                                                                                                                              ciruwarkal / a: siriyaikalwanta: rkal / “The boys and 
                   The  sentence  in  Arabic  originates  from  several  words,                                                               the teachers came”.  The morpheme (ஆபக் ஭்)/ a: 
                   according  to  a  specifiedpattern  under  syntax,  which  means                                                           rkal / represents the gender in the plural. 
                   parsing  and  grammatical  factors,  and  the  rules  for  the                                                      d.     (ஒ஦்஫஦்஧ா஬்)/ onranpa: l / "Insane noun" - if it 
                   structure of the sentence are nominal or verbal, affirmaive or                                                             is  singular,  for  example:  (நபந்)/  maram  /  "tree".  
                   negative,         informative  or  constructive.  It  studies  the                                                         The symbol of gender is at the end of the verbs, for 
                   www.rsisinternational.org                                                                                                                                                                       Page 952 
         International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume V, Issue XII, December 2021|ISSN 2454-6186
                                 example:  (நபந்விழு஥்தது)/ maramwizhuntatu /                                                          D.  تبطاخملا ءاَ/Ya:ul mukataba:/;  The indication of the 
                                 "the  tree  fell."    The  morpheme(அது)/  atu  /                                                            verb itself  on  the  request  for  feminine  and  it  is  in 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ُ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ِ
                                                                                                                                              importive  tense  only,  for  example:                             ٍبزضاو ٍمىق  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ِ
                                 represents the gender.                                                                                       /Qu:mi: wazhribi:/ “Get up and hit”.                                   ِ
                          e.     v. (஧஬வின்஧ால்)/ palawinpa:l / "Insane noun" - if it 
                                 is  a  plural,  for  example:  (நபங்கள்)  /marankal/                                           Verbs in Tamil are divided into three tenses, which are: 
                                 "trees".  The symbol of gender is at the end of the                                            1.  Past  Tense:  it  indicates  action  in  the  past  tense,  for 
                                 verbs,  for  example:  (நாடுகள்வந்த஦)  /  ma:                                                  example:  (rpWtd;  ghlj;ij  thrpj;jhd;)  /  siruwan  pa:  dattai 
                                 duhalwantana  /  “the  cows  came”.    Here  the                                               wa:sitta:n  /  "The  boy  read  the  lesson".    The  past  tense  is 
                                 morpheme(அ஦) / ana / represents the gender [14].                                               known by different symbols: (j;> l;> w;) / t, d, R /. 
                   2) The Difference in Numeral                                                                                  Examples: (j;) / t / = (gb + (j;) + Vd;>gbj;Njd;) / padi + (t) + 
                   Arabic  language  hasaspecified  number  system,  versa  the                                                 e: n> paditte: n / "I studied". 
                   number  system  in  Tamil  language,  where  the  number  in                                                 (ட்) / d / = (உண்+ (ட்) +ஏன்>உண்டேன்)/ un + (d) + e: 
                   Arabic is from the singular, the double and the plural, and in                                               n>unde: n / "I ate". 
                   the Tamil language from the singular and pulural only. This                                                   (ற்)  / R / =(கல்+ (ற்) +ஏன்>கற்ட஫ன்)/ kal + (R) + e: 
                   language takes everything that is not singular as a plural and 
                   does not differentiate between one, two and three except with                                                n>kaRRe: n / "I learned" 
                   specificity and mention the number, for example:                                                             2. Present Tense: it indicates action in the present time, for 
                    (ஒருந஦ிதர்வந்தார்)/orumanitarwanta: r / “a man came”                                                        example:  (சிறுவன்஧ாேம்஧டிக்கின்஫ான்) /  ciruwan  pa: 
                   (இருந஦ிதர்கள்வந்தார்கள்)/irumanitarkalwanta:  rhal  /                                                        dam  padikkinra:  n  /  "The  boy  reads  the  lesson".  two 
                   "Two men came"                                                                                               morphemes are used in present tense(கின்று, கிறு) / kinRu, 
                                                                                                                                kiRu /, and both of them enter the present verb, it indicates the 
                    (மூன்றுந஦ிதர்கள்வந்தார்கள்)/mu: nrumanitarkalwanta:                                                         verb in the present only, for example: 
                   rkal / "Three men came"                                                                                      (கின்று)/                kinRu              /         =          (வரு+ (               கின்று) 
                   3) Differences in Tense                                                                                      +ஆன்>வருகின்஫ான்)/ waru + (kinRu) + a: n>warukinra: 
                   The word in Arabic language is divided according to the tense                                                n / "He comes (now)". 
                   into three parts, namely: past, present and importive tenses                                                 (கிறு) / kiRu / = (சசல்+ (கிறு) +ஏன்>சசல்கிட஫ன்) / cel 
                        i.       Past Tense: is a word that indicates the meaning and                                           + (kiRu) + e: n>celkiRe: n / "I go (now)". 
                                 time in the past, for example:صرذلا بلاطلا مهف/Fahimat                                         3.  Future  Tense:  It  indicates  action  in  the  future  tense,  for 
                                 talibu addharsa/ "the student understood the lesson."                                          example:  (சிறுவன்஧ாேம்வாசிப்஧ான்)  /  ciruwan  pa:  dam 
                       ii.       Present  Tense:  It  is  a  word  that  indicates  the                                         vasippa: n / "The boy will read the lesson".  Here the two 
                                 meaning            and        time,        both        immediately               and           morphemes (வ், ப்)/ w, p / and each of them denote the future 
                                 prensenting, for example: كحاجىب كسرذم حزفَ /Yafrahu                                           verb only, and they have a future function, for example: 
                                 mudharrisatuka binaja:hika/ "Your teacher happies in                                           (வ்)/ w / = (வரு+ (வ்) +ஆன்>வருவான்)/ waru + (w) + a: 
                                 your  success."    The  present  tense  must  be  the                                          n>waruwa: n / "He will come". 
                                 beginning of ( ءاُلا ،ءاتلا ،نىىلا ،ةشمهلا)  /Hamza,  Nu:n,                                    (ப்)/ p / = (஧ார்+ (ப்) +ஆன்;>஧ார்ப்஧ான்)/ pa: r + (p) + a: n> 
                                 Ta: orYa:/and these letters are called as "letters of                                          pa: rppa: n / "He will see" 
                                 present tense".                                                                                Imporative tense as in Arabic indicates requesting anact in the 
                      iii.       Importive Tense: It is a word that requires verb and                                           future,  for  example:  (உ஦து஧ாேத்ததவாசி)/  unatu  pa: 
                                 time  in  the  future,  for  example:  "Write  a  letter  to                                   dattaiwa: si / "Read your lesson". 
                                 your brother."                                                                                  
                   Verbs are defined in Arabic language by one of four symbols:                                                 4) Differences in Pronoun 
                          A.  ذق  (Qadh);  comes on the past and present verbs, for                                             Pronouns  are  divided  into  three  parts:  /mutakallim/  first 
                                 example:ذَس ماو ذق/Qadh Na:ma Zaid/ “Zaid has slept”                                           person,  /mukhatab/  second  person  and  /ga:ib/  third  person.  
                                 andمىقَ ذق/Qadh Yaqu:mu/ “He may wake up”.                                                     The following table (1) shows pronouns in Arabic language: 
                          B.  فىسلاو هُسلا /Se:n wa Sawfa/;  Each of them comes in                                                                        Table 1: Pronouns in Arabic Langage
                                 the present tense only, for example:  مىقَ فىسو مىقُس 
                                 /Sayaqu:mu & Sawfa yaqu:mu/ “He will wake up”.                                                        Pronoun                     Place                  Numeral                   Gender 
                          C.  تىكاسلا ثُوأتلا ءاتلا /Ta:ut Ta’ni:sus Sa:kina:/;  Relate to                                              اوأ /ana/              first person               Singular               Masculine/ 
                                 past verbs only, ex:  تبزضو تماق /Qa:mat  Zharabat/                                                                                                                               Feminine 
                                 “she woke up and hit”.                                                                              هحو /nahnu/               first person            Dual / Plural             Masculine/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Feminine 
                   www.rsisinternational.org                                                                                                                                                                       Page 953 
                              International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume V, Issue XII, December 2021|ISSN 2454-6186
                                                                                               توأ /anta/                                                                       second person                                                                                               Singular                                                                                 Masculine                                                                                                                                                                      Table 3: Kinds of Pronoun in Arabic Langage
                                                                                               تَ
                                                                                                توأ /anti/                                                                      second person                                                                                               Singular                                                                                   Feminine                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Possessive 
                                                                                                ِ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Subject Pronouns                                                                                                                         Object Pronouns                                                                                                                     Pronuns 
                                                                                    امتوأ /antuma:/                                                                             second person                                                                                                        Dual                                                                          Masculine/                                                                                                                                                  اوأ /ana/                                                                                                                              ٍو /ni:/                                                                                                             ٌ /e/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine 
                                                                                          متوأ /antum/                                                                          second person                                                                                                     Plural                                                                             Masculine                                                                                                                                       هحو /nahnu/                                                                                                                                           /ka/                                                                                                            /ka/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          تَ                                                                                                              تَ
                                                                                    هتوأ /antunna/                                                                              second person                                                                                                     Plural                                                                               Feminine                                                                                                                                             توأ /anta/                                                                                                                                      /ki/                                                                                                            /ki/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            تَ                                                                                                                                             ِ                                                                                                               ِ
                                                                                            ىه /huwa/                                                                                 third person                                                                                          Singular                                                                                 Masculine                                                                                                                                              توأ /anti/                                                                                                                       امك /kuma:/                                                                                                     امك /kuma:/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ِ
                                                                                              ًه /hiya/                                                                               third person                                                                                          Singular                                                                                   Feminine                                                                                                                                  امتوأ /antuma:/                                                                                                                                  مك /kum/                                                                                                         مك /kum/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Masculine/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ّ                                                                                                               ّ
                                                                                         امه /huma:/                                                                                  third person                                                                                                   Dual                                                                              Feminine                                                                                                                                       متوأ /antum/                                                                                                                            هك /kunna/                                                                                                       هك /kunna/ 
                                                                                               مه /hum/                                                                               third person                                                                                                Plural                                                                             Masculine                                                                                                                                   هتوأ /antunna/                                                                                                                                         ُـ      /hu/                                                                                                    ُـ      /hu/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ىه /huwa/                                                                                                                                   اه  /ha:/                                                                                                       اه  /ha:/ 
                                                                                            ّ
                                                                                           هه /hunna/                                                                                 third person                                                                                                Plural                                                                               Feminine 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ًه /hiya/                                                                                                                       امه  /huma:/                                                                                                     امه  /huma:/ 
                                                                    The following table (2) shows pronouns in Tamil language:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         امه /huma:/                                                                                                                                مه  /hum/                                                                                                       مه  /hum/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ّ                                                                                                               ّ
                                                                                                                                                                     Table 2: Pronouns in Arabic Langage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    مه /hum/                                                                                                                         هه  /hunna/                                                                                                     هه  /hunna/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                           Pronoun                                                                                                    Place                                                                            Numeral                                                                              Gender                                                                                     The  following  table  (4)  shows  kinds  of  pronoun  in  Tamil 
                                                                                           /na:n/   )ehd;(                                                                                             first person                                                                                     Singular                                                                   Masculine/                                                                                          language: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine 
                                                                                          /na:m/   )ehk;(                                                                                              first person                                                                                          Plural                                                                Masculine/                                                                                                                                                                           Table 4 Kinds of Pronoun in Tamil Langage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine 
                                                                                                    /ni:/   )eP(                                                                                 second person                                                                                          Singular                                                                   Masculine/                                                                                                                     Subject Pronouns                                                                                                                         Object                                                                                 Possessive Pronuns 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pronouns 
                                                                                                  )ePq;fs;(                                                                                      second person                                                                                               Plural                                                                Masculine/                                                                                                                           /na:n/   )ehd;(                                                                                                                    /ennai/                                                                                                   /ennudaiya/ 
                                                                                                         /ni:nkal/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Feminine                                                                                                                        /na:m/   )ehk;(                                                                                                                 /engalai/                                                                                                /engaludaiya/ 
                                                                                         /awan/   )mtd;(                                                                                              third person                                                                                      Singular                                                                     Masculine 
                                                                                           /awal/   )mts;(                                                                                            third person                                                                                      Singular                                                                       Feminine                                                                                                                                 /ni:/   )eP(                                                                                                               /unnai/                                                                                                  /unnudaiya/ 
                                                                                                   )mtu;fs;(                                                                                          third person                                                                                           Plural                                                                Masculine/                                                                                                              /ni:nkal/   )ePq;fs;(                                                                                                                       /ungalai/                                                                                                /ungaludaiya/ 
                                                                                                       /awarkal/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine                                                                                                                       /awan/   )mtd;(                                                                                                                   /avanai/                                                                                                 /awanudaiya/ 
                                                                                                  /atu/   )mJ(                                                                                        third person                                                                                      Singular                                                                   Masculine/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine                                                                                                                        /awal/   )mts;(                                                                                                               /awazhai/                                                                                                /awazhudaiya/ 
                                                                                              /awei/   )mit(                                                                                          third person                                                                                           Plural                                                                Masculine/                                                                                                            /awarkal/   )mtu;fs;(                                                                                                                   /awarhalai/                                                                                              /awarhaludaiya/ 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Feminine
                                                                    There is no difference between first person pronouns among                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 /atu/   )mJ(                                                                                                                    /atai/                                                                                          /adhanudaiya/ 
                                                                    the  languages.  As  for  second  person  pronouns,  there  are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        /awei/   )mit(                                                                                                        /awaihalai/                                                                                          /awaihalinudaiya/ 
                                                                    special forms of singular and non-singular in both languages.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Kinds  of  pronoun  in  Arabic  language  as  the  subject,  for 
                                                                    There  is  no  difference  between  the  masculine  and  the 
                                                                    feminine, whether singular or not, and between rational and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        example: /huwa yana:mu/ “he is sleeping”, as objective caes, 
                                                                    irrational  in  Tamil.    At  the  same  time,  in  Arabic  language,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              possessor in the sentence, for example: /ashkuruka/ “I thank 
                                                                    there is a difference between the masculine and the feminine                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       you”, /qalami: jadhi:dhun/ “my pen is new” 
                                                                    in the singular and the plural without dual.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Kinds  of  pronoun  in  Tamil  language  as  the  subject,  for 
                                                                    The two languages agree in third person pronounsin the use of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      example: (அவன்எழுந்துள்஭ான்)/ awaneḍuntulla: n / "He 
                                                                    the singular pronouns to the masculine and the feminine.in the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     is standing", as objective caes, possessor in the sentence, for 
                                                                    plural, Arabic differentiates as masculine and feminine, while                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     example:                                                                                                                                            (முஹம்நத்அவத஦அடித்தான்)/ 
                                                                    Tamil  language  does  not  differentiate  between  them.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          muhammatuawanaiaditta:  n  /  “muhammad  hit  him”, 
                                                                    Likewise, Tamil language like Arabic is distinguished by the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (எ஦துபுத்தகம்புதினது)/  enatuputtahamputiyatu  /  "My 
                                                                    distinction  between  the  sane  in  the  use  of  their  person                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   book is new". 
                                                                    pronouns.  In  Tamil,  there  are  specific  pronouns  for  the 
                                                                    singular  and  plural  third  person  pronouns  for  insane,  but  it                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6) The Difference in Adjective 
                                                                    does not differentiate between masculine and feminine.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The  adjective  precedes  the  noun  in  Tamil  Language.for 
                                                                    5. Differences in kinds of pronoun:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                example: (஥ான்ச஧ாினசதாருநீத஦ப்஧ிடித்டதன்)/ na: n 
                                                                    The following table  (3)  shows  kinds  of  pronoun  in  Arabic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    periyato: ru me: neipittiten/ "I caught a big fish". At the same 
                                                                    language:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          time, adjective follows the noun, for example:  اكمس تمسر اوأ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ازُبك  /anarasamtusamkankabe:ran/  “I draw a big fish” 
                                                                     
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...International journal of research and innovation in social science ijriss volume v issue xii december issn linguistics analysis on sentence patterns between arabic tamil languages mha munas ms zunoomy department language south eastern university sri lanka abstract this focuses studying differences the pattern by to find its similarities dissimilarities exposing them a problem descriptive contrastive methodology is used secondary data it finds that there are more rather than belong different gender numeral tense pronouns kinds family therefore learners as adjectives genitive articles will foreign face difficulties make mistakes help though identifying meanings sentences their translation they speakers translators students from these two due lack knowledge field know best way clarity linguistic keywords translating b objective identify i introduction complete which expresses simplest c importance mental forms intolerable several researches consists three main elements subject verb predic...

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