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                                                      Language files 12th edition answer key file 2.8
    Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding. Contents List of Symbols
    Inside Front Cover Preface to the Tenth Edition 000 Acknowledgments 000 Chapter 1: Introduction 1 File 1.0 What Is Language? 2 File 1.1 Introducing the Study of Language 3 File 1.2 What You Know When You Know a Language 6 File 1.3 What You Donøt (Necessarily) Know When You Know a Language 12 File 1.4
    Design Features of Language 17 File 1.5 Language Modality 24 File 1.6 Practice 30 Chapter 2: Phonetics 37 File 2.0 What Is Phonetics? 38 File 2.1 Representing Speech Sounds 40 File 2.2 Articulation: English Consonants 45 File 2.3 Articulation: English Vowels 54 File 2.4 Beyond English: Speech Sounds of the
    Worldøs Languages 59 File 2.5 Suprasegmental Features 64 File 2.6 Acoustic Phonetics 69 File 2.7 The Phonetics of Signed Languages 79 File 2.8 Practice 87 Chapter 3: Phonology 99 File 3.0 What Is Phonology? 100 File 3.1 The Value of Sounds: Phonemes and Allophones 101 File 3.2 Phonological Rules 109 File
    3.3 Phonotactic Constraints and Foreign Accents 117 File 3.4 Implicational Laws 122 File 3.5 How to Solve Phonology Problems 127 File 3.6 Practice 134 Chapter 4: Morphology 147 File 4.0 What Is Morphology? 148 File 4.1 Words and Word Formation: The Nature of the Lexicon 149 File 4.2 Morphological Processes
    155 File 4.3 Morphological Types of Languages 163 File 4.4 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words 168 File 4.5 Morphological Analysis 172 File 4.6 Practice 176 Chapter 5: Syntax 193 File 5.0 What Is Syntax? 194 File 5.1 Basic Ideas of Syntax 195 File 5.2† How Sentences Express Ideas 199 File 5.3 Lexical
    Categories 204 File 5.4 Phrase Structure 208 File 5.5 Tests for Structure and Constituency 216 File 5.6 Word Order Typology 221 File 5.7 Practice 223 Chapter 6: Semantics 231 File 6.0 What Is Semantics? 232 File 6.1 An Overview of Semantics 233 File 6.2 Lexical Semantics:†The Meanings of Words 235 File 6.3
    Lexical Semantics: Word Relations 242 File 6.4 Compositional Semantics:†The Meanings of Sentences 248 File 6.5 Compositional Semantics: Putting Words Together and Meaning Relationships 252 File 6.6 Practice 259 Chapter 7: Pragmatics File 7.0 What Is Pragmatics? 268 File 7.1 Language in Context 269 File 7.2
    Rules of Conversation 273 File 7.3 Drawing Conclusions 279 File 7.4 Speech Acts 284 File 7.5 Presupposition 292 File 7.6 Practice 297 Chapter 8: Language Acquisition 309 File 8.0 What Is Language Acquisition? 310 File 8.1 Theories of Language Acquisition 311 File 8.2 First-Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of
    Speech Sounds and Phonology 319 File 8.3 First-Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of Morphology, Syntax, and Word Meaning 326 File 8.4 How Adults Talk to Young Children 333 File 8.5 Bilingual Language Acquisition 339 File 8.6 Practice 343 Chapter 9: Language Storage and Processing 351 File 9.0 How Do
    We Store and Process Language? 352 File 9.1 Language and the Brain 354 File 9.2 Aphasia 360 File 9.3 Speech Production 365 File 9.4 Speech Perception 374 File 9.5 Lexical Processing 379 File 9.6 Sentence Processing 385 File 9.7 Experimental Methods in Psycholinguistics 390 File 9.8 Practice 393 Chapter 10:
    Language Variation 405 File 10.0 What Is Language Variation? 406 File 10.1 Language Varieties 407 File 10.2 Variation at Different Levels of Linguistic Structure 414 File 10.3 Factors Influencing Variation: Regional and Geographic Factors 418 File 10.4 Factors Influencing Variation: Social Factors 427 File 10.5 Practice
    434 Chapter 11: Language Contact 443 File 11.0 What Is Language Contact? 444 File 11.1 Language Contact 446 File 11.2 Borrowings into English 451 File 11.3 Pidgin Languages 454 File 11.4 Creole Languages 460 File 11.5 Societal Multilingualism 463 File 11.6 Language Endangerment and Language Death 465
    File 11.7 Case Studies in Language Contact 469 File 11.8 Practice 473 Chapter 12: Language Change 481 File 12.0 What Is Language Change? 482 File 12.1 Introducing Language Change 483 File 12.2 Language Relatedness 486 File 12.3 Sound Change 492 File 12.4 Morphological Change 497 File 12.5 Syntactic
    Change 502 File 12.6 Semantic Change 505 File 12.7 Reconstruction: Internal Reconstruction vs. Comparative Reconstruction 508 File 12.8 Practice 516 Chapter 13: Language and Culture File 13.0 What Is the Study of øLanguage and Cultureø? 526 File 13.1 Language and Identity 527 File 13.2 Language and Power
    533 File 13.3 Language and Thought 538 File 13.4 Writing Systems 545 File 13.5 Practice 559 Chapter 14: Animal Communication 565 File 14.0 How Do Animals Communicate? 566 File 14.1 Communication and Language 567 File 14.2 Animal Communication in the Wild 571 File 14.3 Can Animals Be Taught
    Language? 576 File 14.4 Practice 581 Chapter 15: Language and Computers 586 File 15.0 What Is Computational Linguistics? 586 File 15.1 Speech Synthesis 587 File 15.2 Automatic Speech Recognition 592 File 15.3 Communicating with Computers 597 File 15.4 Machine Translation 603 File 15.5 Corpus Linguistics
    607 File 15.6 Practice 610 Chapter 16: Practical Applications 615 File 16.0 What Can You Do with Linguistics? 616 File 16.1 Language Education 617 File 16.2 Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 620 File 16.3 Language and Law 622 File 16.4 Language in Advertising 625 File 16.5 Codes and Code-Breaking
    631 File 16.6 Being a Linguist 637 File 16.7 Practice 639 Appendix: Answers to Example Exercises 645 Selected Bibliography 649 Glossary 000 Language Index 000 Index 000 IPA Symbols and Example Words Last Page American English Consonant and Vowel Charts Opposite Back Cover Official IPA Chart Inside
    Back Cover List of Symbols Preface to the Twelfth Edition Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction File 1.0 What Is Language? File 1.1 Introducing the Study of Language File 1.2 What You Know When You Know a Language File 1.3 Other (Non-Essential) Aspects of Knowing a Language File 1.4 Design Features of
    Language File 1.5 Language Modality File 1.6 Practice Chapter 2: Phonetics File 2.0 What Is Phonetics? File 2.1 Representing Speech Sounds File 2.2 Articulation: English Consonants File 2.3 Articulation: English Vowels File 2.4 Beyond English: Speech Sounds of the World’s Languages File 2.5 Suprasegmental
    Features File 2.6 Acoustic Phonetics File 2.7 The Phonetics of Signed Languages File 2.8 Practice Chapter 3: Phonology File 3.0 What Is Phonology? File 3.1 Phonotactic Constraints and Foreign Accents File 3.2 Phonemes and Allophones File 3.3 Phonological Rules File 3.4 Implicational Laws File 3.5 How to Solve
    Phonology Problems File 3.6 Practice Chapter 4: Morphology File 4.0 What Is Morphology? File 4.1 Words and Word Formation: The Nature of the Lexicon File 4.2 Morphological Processes File 4.3 Morphological Types of Languages File 4.4 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words File 4.5 Morphological Analysis
    File 4.6 Practice Chapter 5: Syntax File 5.0 What Is Syntax? File 5.1 Basic Ideas of Syntax File 5.2 Syntactic Properties File 5.3 Syntactic Constituency File 5.4 Syntactic Categories File 5.5 Constructing a Grammar File 5.6 Practice Chapter 6: Semantics File 6.0 What Is Semantics? File 6.1 An Overview of Semantics
    File 6.2 Lexical Semantics: The Meanings of Words File 6.3 Compositional Semantics: The Meanings of Sentences File 6.4 Compositional Semantics: Putting Meanings Together File 6.5 Practice Chapter 7: Pragmatics File 7.0 What Is Pragmatics? File 7.1 Language in Context File 7.2 Rules of Conversation File 7.3
    Drawing Conclusions File 7.4 Speech Acts File 7.5 Presupposition File 7.6 Practice Chapter 8: Language Acquisition File 8.0 What Is Language Acquisition? File 8.1 Theories of Language Acquisition File 8.2 First- Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of Speech Sounds and Phonology File 8.3 First- Language
    Acquisition: The Acquisition of Morphology, Syntax, and Word Meaning File 8.4 How Adults Talk to Young Children File 8.5 Bilingual Language Acquisition File 8.6 Practice Chapter 9: Psycholinguistics File 9.0 How Do Our Minds Understand and Produce Language? File 9.1 Language and the Brain File 9.2 Language
    Disorders File 9.3 Speech Production File 9.4 Speech Perception File 9.5 Lexical Access File 9.6 Sentence Processing File 9.7 Experimental Methods in Psycholinguistics File 9.8 Practice Chapter 10: Language Variation File 10.0 What Is Language Variation? File 10.1 Language Varieties File 10.2 Variation at Different
    Levels of Linguistic Structure File 10.3 Factors Influencing Variation: Regional and Geographic Factors File 10.4 Factors Influencing Variation: Social Factors File 10.5 Language and Identity File 10.6 Practice Chapter 11: Language and Culture File 11.0 What Is the Study of “Language and Culture”? File 11.1 Linguistic
    Anthropology File 11.2 Language and Thought File 11.3 Language and Power File 11.4 Politeness File 11.5 Ethnography File 11.6 Practice Chapter 12: Language Contact File 12.0 What Is Language Contact? File 12.1 Language Contact File 12.2 Borrowings into English File 12.3 Pidgin Languages File 12.4 Creole
    Languages File 12.5 Societal Multilingualism File 12.6 Language Endangerment and Language Death File 12.7 Case Studies in Language Contact File 12.8 Practice Chapter 13: Language Change File 13.0 What Is Language Change? File 13.1 Introducing Language Change File 13.2 Language Relatedness File 13.3
    Sound Change File 13.4 Morphological Change File 13.5 Syntactic Change File 13.6 Semantic Change File 13.7 Internal Reconstruction and Comparative Reconstruction File 13.8 Practice Chapter 14: Animal Communication File 14.0 How Do Animals Communicate? File 14.1 Communication and Language File 14.2
    Animal Communication in the Wild File 14.3 Can Animals Be Taught Language? File 14.4 Practice Chapter 15: Writing Systems File 15.0 What Is Writing? File 15.1 Writing, Language, and Culture File 15.2 Types of Writing Systems File 15.3 The Historical Evolution of Writing Systems File 15.4 Practice Chapter 16:
    Language and Computers File 16.0 What Is Computational Linguistics? File 16.1 Speech Synthesis File 16.2 Automatic Speech Recognition File 16.3 Communicating with Computers File 16.4 Machine Translation File 16.5 Corpus Linguistics File 16.6 Practice Chapter 17: Practical Applications File 17.0 What Can You
    Do with Linguistics? File 17.1 Language Education File 17.2 Speech- Language Pathology and Audiology File 17.3 Forensic Linguistics File 17.4 Language in Advertising File 17.5 Codes and Code- Breaking File 17.6 Being a Linguist File 17.7 Practice Appendix: Answers to Example Exercises Glossary Selected
    Bibliography Language Index Subject Index IPA Symbols and Example Words American English Consonant and Vowel Charts Official IPA Chart
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