JHS 1 
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                   SECTION 1 
                                                                                                             
                                                                        ORAL SKILLS - CUSTOMS AND INSTITUTIONS 
                                                                                                             
                                                                                        General Objectives:  The student will: 
                                                                                1.  identify the elements that constitute his/her culture  
                                                                                2.  appreciate the morals and values inherent in their customs and institutions  
                                                                                3.  appreciate modern and contemporary culture 
                     UNIT               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES                                  CONTENT                            TEACHING AND LEARNING                              EVALUATION 
                                                                                                                                            ACTIVITIES 
                                                                                                                                                                                  
              UNIT 1                   The student  will be able to:                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                  
              CULTURE                  1.1.1   explain the meaning of           Way of life of a people e.g., food,          Discuss the elements of culture of the locality     Students to explain the 
                                               culture.                         language, clothes, music, dance etc          e.g., language, religion, food etc.                 meaning of culture. 
                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                       1.1.2   differentiate between            Customs: include rites performed to          Guide students to discuss customs such as           Students to tell the 
                                               customs and institutions.        mark some events e.g. puberty rites;         Libation pouring, naming, drumming, singing         stages of the libation 
                                                                                rites performed to mark the beginning        etc.                                                process. 
                                                                                of a festival. Customs also include          Students to discuss traditional institutions in      
                                                                                traditional ways of worship; ways of         their community e.g. chieftaincy with sub           Students to state the 
                                                                                showing respect; child naming                chiefs, linguist etc.; the family: father, mother   role of cultural 
                                                                                ceremony, food used for occasions,           and other relatives etc.                            institutions in their 
                                                                                etc.                                                                                             community. 
                                                                                Institutions: These are bodies that can                                                           
                                                                                be identified and which have certain                                                              
                                                                                responsibilities in the culture of the                                                            
                                                                                society. Examples: chieftaincy, the                                                               
                                                                                family, the church, the mosque, the                                                               
                                                                                shrine etc.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                       1.1.3   name some elements of            Language, food, occupation, dress            Compare some elements of their culture to           Students to list some 
                                               culture.                         code, religion, literature, implements       those of other neighbouring communities             elements of their 
                                                                                used for work etc.                           e.g. staple food of the Ga vrs that of the          culture. 
                                                                                                                             Asante; dress codes of the Fante vrs the             
                                                                                                                             Dagaaba, etc.                                       Students to appear in 
                                                                                                                                                                                 their traditional 
                                                                                                                             Food can be compared on the basis of the            costumes and indicate 
                                                                                                                             type of crop used.                                  the ethnic group that 
                                                                                                                                                                                 wears the costume. 
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                                                                                           UNIT                                                                                                                      SPECIFIC                                                                                                                                                                CONTENT                                                                                                                                                             TEACHING AND LEARNING                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 EVALUATION 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        OBJECTIVES                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ACTIVITIES 
                                                          UNIT 1(CONT’D)                                                                                                   The student will be able to:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          CULTURE                                                                                                          1.1.4                                identify some cultural                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Guide students to identify some cultural practices in                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Students in groups 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                practices of the locality.                                                                                                   Cultural practices: naming                                                                                                                                                         the locality.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                mention some of their 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ceremony, marriage, chieftaincy,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                cultural practices. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             puberty rites, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             e.g. puberty rites:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Ga           :        Otofo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Dangme  :         Dipo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          UNIT 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Asante     :         Bragorɔ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Nzema     :        Azezielε                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                          GREETINGS AND                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Dagbani   :        Paɣa pirigibu                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                          RESPONSES                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Seasonal greetings e.g. at                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Students to role-play 
                                                                                                                                                                           1.2.1                                       greet according to the                                                                                                indigenous festivals, New Year, at                                                                                                                                                 Assist students to find the appropriate greetings for                                                                                                                                                                                                                        greetings on special 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       season and specific                                                                                                   work, etc.                                                                                                                                                                         some seasons and occasions e.g. X‟mas, New Year,                                                                                                                                                                                                                             occasions, e.g. at birth, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       occasions and give                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       birth, death, Homowo, Akwasidae, Kundum etc. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       appropriate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           death, marriage 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       responses.                                                                                                            Specific situations, e.g. at table, at                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ceremonies and 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             work, during funerals, etc.                                                                                                                                                        Demonstration: i.e. Teacher – students greet in                                                                                                                                                                                                                              festivals. 
                                                                                                                                                                           1.2.2                                       use appropriate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          specific situations e.g. at table, work, social                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Taboos against greeting                                                                                                                                                            gatherings and taboos associated with some                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       expressions to greet                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     greetings.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Identify situations and 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       in specific                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           pair students up to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       circumstances and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Greetings at table:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          greet using the new 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       situations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (Stimulus – Response)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        expressions learnt. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                e.g.StimulusResponse                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Twi                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Students identify and 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Kuta mu oo!                          Ma ɔnkɔ/yoo                                                                                                                                                                                                                             mention taboos relating 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             to  situations such as 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Etire nka mm Y redi adeɔ.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    greeting: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                EWE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         -                at table 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Va mia kpoe da.                     Nye asi le me loo                                                                                                                                                                                                                       -                at funeral 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mez af  nyue.                        Me dunu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                               -                attending to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GA           Yoo,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            nature‟s call (toilet) 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ha nii aba.                              Onina mi/w                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          etc. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                DAGBANI: Ti dima! Naawuni ni chɛ kadi doni.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A nuu na be Ŋmanene.           Paheme a nuu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                DAGAARE: Fo naŋdire.          Wa soŋ ma.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GONJA:   Kɔnɔ maŋ chena     Anye ji                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                FANTE:    Kita muoo!              Medze mu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                NZEMA:   Mevɛlɛ wɔ o            Me sa wɔ nuhua                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Importance of greetings                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Students explain the 
                                                                                                                                                                           1.2.3  explain the importance                                                                                                                                     i.  Conversation starter                                                                                                                                                           Assist students to explain the importance of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 importance of 
                                                                                                                                                                                     of greetings.                                                                                                                                           ii.  Shows respect                                                                                                                                                                 greetings.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   greetings. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             iii. Brings unity and friendship                                                                                                                                                   Kasem:     -     A jege zoŋa. 
                                                    Ghanaian Languages and Culture September, 2012 
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                      UNIT                             SPECIFIC                                       CONTENT                                        TEACHING AND LEARNING                                              EVALUATION 
                                                    OBJECTIVES                                                                                                      ACTIVITIES 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
             UNIT 3                         The student will be able to:                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
             GRATITUDE AND  1.3.1  use the right register to                            Expressing gratitude and                           Guide students to discuss ways of showing gratitude                       Students mention four 
             APPRECIATION                             express gratitude and             appreciation.                                      and appreciation.                                                         occasions during which 
                                                      appreciation.                     e.g. Thank you.                                                                                                              we show appreciation 
                                                                                        May God bless you etc.                             Discuss the expressions for showing gratitude and                         and gratitude. 
                                                                                                                                           appreciation on specific occasions.                                        
                                                                                        Akan:  Meda wo ase.                                e.g.  for a gift, food, advice, etc.                                      Students to state the 
                                                                                        Nyame nhyira wo                                                                                                              right expressions used 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     when: 
                                                                                        Gonja: Asan kushuŋ                                                                                                           (1)  advice is given. 
                                                                                        Ebɔrɛe nafa fo.                                                                                                              (2)  work is done well. 
                                                                                        Dagbani:  M paɣiya                                                                                                           (3)  gift is received. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                        Dagaare:                                                                                                                      
                                                                                        Bareka                                                                                                                        
                                                                                        Ŋmene na soŋ fo.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                            1.3.2  use of right gestures to             Gestures:                                          Assist students to discuss ways for showing                               Students role-play right 
                                                      show appreciation.                a bow, a nod, a smile.                             appreciation through body language and other                              gestures to show 
                                                                                        Send a small gift or card as token of              gestures.                                                                 appreciation. 
                                                                                        appreciation.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                            1.3.3  give reasons why we                  Appreciation and gratitude give the                Students to brainstorm on how one feels when their                        Students role-play 
                                                      should show                       following: Encouragement to the                    contribution or services rendered are acknowledged                        situations when: 
                                                      appreciation and                  receiver to do more;                               or not acknowledged.                                                      1.  „A‟ does something     
                                                      gratitude for what is             Acknowledgement to the receiver                                                                                                    and he/she is  
                                                      done for us.                      that their contribution has been                   Students give reasons why we must show                                          appreciated 
                                                                                        noticed.                                           appreciation for services rendered to us.                                 2.  „B‟ does it and  
                                                                                        Shows politeness and good                                                                                                          he/she is not  
                                                                                        manners on the part of the one for                                                                                                 appreciated 
              
                                                                                        whom the services or contribution                                                                                             
             UNIT 4                                                                     were rendered.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
             KINSHIP TERMS                  1.4.1  identify the various                 Kinship relationships in the family:               Assist students to discuss the kinship terms of                           Students to draw the 
                                                      kinship relationships in          e.g. father, mother, sister, brother,              members of the nuclear family and members of the                          family tree. 
                                                      the family.                       uncle, etc.                                        extended family.                                                           
                                                                                                                                           Name the immediate relations of mother and father.                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                            1.4.2   explain terms                       Father line kin                                    Assist students to discuss and compare kinship terms                      Students to explain 
                                                       associated with various          Mother line kin                                    of maternal and paternal relations.                                       kinship terms in groups. 
                                                       kin.                             Marriage relation kin etc.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                           NOTE: Discussion should focus on differences 
                                                                                                                                           between traditional terms and the English cultural 
                                                                                                                                           terms. 
                                                                                                                                            
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                                         UNIT                                                          SPECIFIC                                                                                      CONTENT                                                                           TEACHING AND LEARNING                                                                                                  EVALUATION 
                                                                                                 OBJECTIVES                                                                                                                                                                                                        ACTIVITIES 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                         UNIT 5                                                 The student will be able to:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                1.5.1  explain what  the clan is                                                     A group of families who are thought to                                                                                                                                                                                             
                         THE CLAN                                                         and mention the names of                                                   have originated from the same family                                                                    Guide students to discuss what a clan is and                                                                              Students to write the 
                         SYSTEM                                                           some clans in the locality.                                                and have the same naming system and                                                                     mention the names of some clans they know.                                                                                names of clans in the 
                                                                                                                                                                     the same totem                                                                                                                                                                                                                    locality.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Pupils to identify some clans in the locality.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                     Clans in the locality:                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                     Akan: Asona, Oyoko, Biretuo, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                     Ewe:  Adz via, Lik , Blu, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                     Ga:    As r , Gbese, Sempe, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                     Dangme: Bunase, Ny w , Nam, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                     Dagaare: Mal r , Kow r , Dakpaal ,                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                     etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                     Nzema:   Ezohile, Ndwefoɔ, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                     Kasem:  Navɛ bia, Tala Bia, Bawea Bia                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                1. 5.2  mention some basic                                                           Features of a clan:                                                                                     Discuss the basic features of a clan: oaths,                                                                              Students to identify three 
                                                                                           features that identify a                                                  Totems, taboos, oaths, clan names,                                                                      taboos, etc.                                                                                                              clans and state their 
                                                                                           clan.                                                                     origin and ancestry, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                         totems.   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Students to mention the clan they belong to and                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             the features of their clan.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Let students identify other clans and their                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             totems, taboos, clan names, etc.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                     Importance of the clan system:                                                                           
                                                                                1.5.3  state the importance of                                                                                                                                                               Guide students to discuss the importance of the                                                                           Students to list some 
                                                                                          the clan system.                                                           -    helps clan members to know                                                                         clan system.                                                                                                              advantages of the clan 
                                                                                                                                                                          one another as belonging to one                                                                                                                                                                                              system. 
                                                                                                                                                                          ancestry.                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                     -    forges unity among members.                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                     -    source of pride.                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                     -    mutual support in times of sickness                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                          or death, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                1.5.4  state factors that have                                                       Education, religion, politics, technology,                                                              Guide students to discuss factors that have                                                                               Students in groups to 
                                                                                          reduced the importance of                                                  urbanisation etc. These factors have                                                                    reduced the importance of the clan system.                                                                                identify some of the 
                                                                                          the clan system.                                                           tended to disintegrate the clan system.                                                                                                                                                                                           problems that have 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             NOTE: Discussion should show how formal                                                                                   affected the clan system. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             education has negatively affected the clan 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             system; how politics, technology and 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             urbanization have negatively affected the clan 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             system and reduced its importance  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             (See the content of 1.5.3 for more information). 
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