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picture1_Arabic Alphabet Pdf 98901 | E Con105 137 Cr137 14 Romanization System English


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File: Arabic Alphabet Pdf 98901 | E Con105 137 Cr137 14 Romanization System English
e conf 105 137 crp 137 13 july 2017 original english and arabic eleventh united nations conference on the standardization of geographical names new york 8 17 august 2017 item ...

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                                                                                                                                        E/CONF.105/137/CRP.137 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                 13 July 2017  
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                 Original: English and 
                                                                                                                                                 Arabic 
                         
                        Eleventh United Nations Conference on the  
                        Standardization of Geographical Names  
                        New York, 8-17 August 2017 
                        Item 14 a) of the provisional agenda* 
                        Writing systems and pronunciation: Romanization 
                         
                         
                         
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                    Romanization System from Arabic letters to Latinized letters 2007 
                         
                                     
                                    Submitted by the Arabic Division ** 
                        *     E/CONF.105/1 
                        **   Prepared by the Arabic Division 
                         
                                
                          
                          
                    Standard Arabic System
                          for 
                      Transliteration 
                          of
                     Geographical Names
                          
                          
               From Arabic Alphabet to Latin Alphabet
                  (Arabic Romanization System)
                           
                           
                          2007
                          
                          
                          
                         1                      
        ARABIC TRANSLITERATION ALPHABET 
                                                                                                                 
              Romanization          Arabic            Romanization              Arabic Character
                                   Character
                                                          GH
                    <               ء   حئٛ                                           ؽ
                    {                  ا                   F                           ف
                    B                  ة                   Q                           م
                    T                  د                   K                           ى
                   TH                  س                   L                           ٍ
                    J                  ط                   M                            ّ
                    %                  ػ                   N                           ٕ
                   KH                  ؿ                   H                           ـٛ
                                                                           خٌُِٔا خ٣بٜٗ ٢ك خٛٞثؤُا ءبزُاٝ
                    D                  ك                 W, Ū                           ٝ
                   DH                  م                  Y, Ī                         ١
                    R                  ه                   a                     Short Opener
                    Z                  ى                                         Long Opener
                                                           ā
                    S                  ً                                            Maddah
                                                           ā
                   SH                  ُ                   ☺                    Alif Maqsourah
                    &                 ٓ                    u                     Short Closer
                    }                 ٗ                    ū                     Long Closer
                    #                  ٛ                   i                     Short Breaker
                   !                   ظ                   ī                     Long Breaker
                    >                              Doubling the letter
                                                                                       ّ
                                       ع                                               حلّ
                                                                                                           
        
        
        
        
        
        
                                                        - 1 -                                              
         
        DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW ALPHABET 
         
        How to describe the transliteration Alphabet: 
           a.  The  new  alphabet  has  neglected  the  following  Latin  letters:  C,  E,  O,  P,  V,  X  in 
               addition to the letter G unless it is coupled with the letter H to form a digraph GH 
               (Ghayn ٖ٤ـُا). 
            
           b.  This Alphabet contains: 
                   1.   Latin   letters   which      have    similar    phonetic      letters   in   Arabic     :  
                      B,T,J,D,R,Z,S,Q,K,L,M,N,H,W,Y. 
                                                               ١ ،ٝ ،ـٛ ،ٕ ،ّ ،ٍ ،ى ،م ،ً ،ى ،ه ،ك ،ط ،د، ،ة    
                   2.  Digraphs or Ligatures to represents Latin letters that have no similar phonetic 
                      letters in Arabic such as: GH, SH, DH, KH, TH corresponding to the Arabic 
                      letters: Th[<, Kh[<, Dh[l, Sh;n, Ghayn  ؽ, ُ, م, ؿ, س  
                    
                   3.  One digraph underlined by a Diacritical Mark which is the letter *[<:  ظ   
                      !,*,~. 
         
                    
                   4.  Seven letters surmounted or underlined by Diacritical Marks to produce the 
                      phonetic convenient sound. {, |, ?, #, }, &, % corresponding to the Arabic 
                      letters: { long opener, | long closer, ? long breaker, #ā< (ٛ), }[d (ٗ), &[d 
                      (ٓ), and %[<  (ػ). 
                    
                   5.  Two  diacritical  letters,    (<)  and    (>)  that  appear  on  the  vowel  marks  [A 
                      (opener), U (closer), and I (breaker)], vowel letters and long vowel marks [Ī 
                      (long breaker), | (long closer), { (long opener)], or as an independent mark as 
                      follows: 
                              a. Hamzah (<): 
         
                               <       < A       < U        Ayn (>): 
                          >        >A        >U         >I         >{        >|            >?
                          >        > a       >u          >i       > [        > \          > ;
                   6.  Diacritical Marks that surmount or underline some Arabic letter in order to 
                                                        - 
                      intensify their pronunciation ( and  ): {, ?, |, %, #, }, and &. 
                                                              -
                   7.  Vowel letters that follow stretching letters (١،ٝ ،أ( transliterated as { | ?. 
                                                          - 2 -                                                  
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...E conf crp july original english and arabic eleventh united nations conference on the standardization of geographical names new york august item a provisional agenda writing systems pronunciation romanization system from letters to latinized submitted by division prepared standard for transliteration alphabet latin character gh f b q t k th l j m n kh h d w dh y r short opener z long s maddah sh alif maqsourah u closer i breaker doubling letter description how describe has neglected following c o p v x in addition g unless it is coupled with form digraph ghayn this contains which have similar phonetic digraphs or ligatures represents that no such as corresponding diacritical marks surmount underline some order intensify their vowel follow stretching transliterated...

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